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United States Department of State
Topic Started: Dec 7 2009, 01:43 AM (479 Views)
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An Empire for Liberty

United States Department of State

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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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February 25, 1836

The State Department has released a list of new Ministers Plenipotentiary appointed by President Jackson to represent the United States abroad. The nominees will appear before the Senate for confirmation hearings later this year.

Lewis Cass - France
Andrew Stevenson - United Kingdom
John H. Eaton - Spain
John Randolph Clay - Russia
Henry Wheaton - Prussia
Virgil Maxcy - Belgium

Additionally, the United States will establish official diplomatic relations with the Austrian Empire. Henry A. P. Muhlenberg has been selected to oversee the creation of the new embassy and its related posts in Vienna.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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August 22, 1836

The United States has announced it will recognize the independent Republic of Texas and form diplomatic relations with the new nation. Alcée Louis la Branche of Louisiana has been appointed Chargé d'Affaires to the Texan government and is expected to arrive at his post sometime next year.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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October 29, 1836

Due to the aftermath of the Texas secession from Mexico and the United States' recognition of the independent republic, the Mexican government has terminated normal diplomatic relations with the United States. Charge d'Affaires Powhatan Ellis has been recalled to Washington and the legation at Mexico City will be temporarily closed. Robert Greenhow will serve as the special American diplomatic agent in Mexico pending further resolution of this dispute.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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March 7, 1837

George M. Dallas has been appointed by President Van Buren to succeed John Randolph Clay as the U.S. minister to Russia. After being confirmed by the Senate, he is expected to arrive at his post in August.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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April 22, 1839

President Van Buren has nominated Harmanus Bleecker to replace Auguste Davezac as U.S. envoy to the Netherlands.

Former American minister to Mexico, Powhatan Ellis, will be dispatched to Mexico City to attempt to reestablish normal relations. The last diplomatic agent to be received by the Mexicans was Robert Greenhow, in 1837, and the U.S. government has had no official representation since then.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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October 9, 1839

Churchill C. Cambreleng has been appointed to replace George M. Dallas as acting minister to Russia following the latter's recall in July. Mr. Cambreleng will proceed to the post in St. Petersburg in early 1840.

As a result of the dissolution of the Central American federation, the United States will recognize the independent nations of Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Guatemala. Representatives will be dispatched to make contact with leaders of the interim governments and to establish relations.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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January 22, 1841

Talks between the United States and the Governments of New Granada and Panama have begun to resolve the current dispute over Panamanian independence and other issues related to the ongoing civil strife in those countries. Chargé d'Affaires James Semple has initiated correspondence with Panamanian Minister Pedro de Obarrio and New Granadan President José Ignacio de Márquez, affirming U.S. support for the Panamanians while emphasizing the need to restore order and political amity in Central America.

One outstanding issue is the security of Americans who are presently constructing the railroad across the isthmus, and Mr. Semple has made it clear that in light of the recurrent Panamanian revolts in the last decade, New Granada has not been able satisfactorily to maintain peace in the district.

Incoming President William Henry Harrison has not commented on these developments publicly but privately has expressed approval of the handling of the situation, drawing on his own experience as U.S. minister to New Granada in 1829.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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April 12, 1841

A number of new Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary will be appointed this year to represent the United States abroad. Embassies in the following nations are expected to see changes in their diplomatic staff: Britain, Portugal, Austria, Russia, Denmark, and Sweden-Norway.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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May 8, 1841

There is news from Central America that the United States and the Republic of Panama have finalized the treaty arrangements initially brokered late last year. Among the provisions are a U.S. guarantee of the neutrality and independence of the isthmus, the ability to provide military aid and intervene in the event of domestic insurrections or war, franchise rights to trans-isthmus modes of transport, articles to promote greater economic development in the region, as well as various other measures.

The signing of the treaty has been received warmly among Americans as well as the Panamanian people, who see it as vital in securing their lasting independence from New Granada.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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March 10, 1842

Secretary of State Daniel Webster's correspondence with the British government, ongoing since March of last year, has resulted in the drafting of a treaty for the final settlement of the Maine boundary dispute. The proposed text has been referred to the British Foreign Office for review by Her Majesty's Government, and it is hoped that the treaty will be accepted and ratified by both countries within the year.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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June 16, 1842

The signing of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty is seen as a major step forward in resolving Anglo-American disputes and securing the border between the U.S. and British North America. Additional correspondence is scheduled to take place throughout the coming year over Oregon, in the hopes that a similar accord may be reached on that issue.

Special representative to the Mexican government Henry E. Lawrence has been directed to meet with officials in Mexico City, following the invasion of Texas earlier this year. The United States will press for the cessation of all hostilities and renewed talks between the two parties with the aim of achieving a permanent peace treaty.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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July 14, 1842

Messrs. Timoteo Haalilio and William Richards, representatives of King Kamehameha of Hawaii, have arrived in Washington seeking to discuss the islands' relations with the United States. Secretary of State Webster is scheduled to meet with the men this week before his briefing with President Tyler on the 20th.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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October 1, 1842

In light of the resumption of hostilities between Mexico and the Republic of Texas, Secretary Webster has approached both governments with an offer of mediation. A letter forwarded to Mr. Waddy Thompson, U.S. Minister to Mexico, indicated "that while [the United States] Government sees with pain the prospect of active warlike preparations between Texas and Mexico, and disclaims all right to interfere, yet it cannot, under the circumstances, be indifferent to a renewal of hostilities between them."

Added to these remarks was an intimation that in the event of war, American citizens would emigrate and aid the Texians, and thus it is the President's conviction that war is not only useless but hopeless for Mexico.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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March 19, 1843

Abraham Rencher has been appointed by President Tyler to replace Washington Barrow as U.S. minister to Portugal. As an interim appointee, he will proceed to his post later this year and then be confirmed by the Senate.

Talks with the Russian Empire over the Alaskan question will continue throughout the year with the aim of resolving the remaining territorial issues. A special delegation from the Tsar's court is to be received in Washington while Mr. Charles S. Todd will continue the exchange in St. Petersburg.

There has been a marked increase in communication between the governments of the United States and the Republic of Texas since the Mexican invasion last year. No information on any specific proposals has been made public yet, but Secretary Webster's offer of mediation still stands.

The State Department is considering the appointment of a permanent minister to the nation of Argentina, in light of growing American trade with South America.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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September 15, 1843

There is much speculation in some circles of the State Department as to the nature of the ongoing talks with Texas. The recent quasi-war in the Pacific drew much of the public's attention away from Mexico throughout the summer, but President Tyler has continued conversations with Sam Houston's government, apparently with the aim of resolving the independence question.

It is unknown whether the support expressed by France, Great Britain and Prussia on the Pacific matter is in any way related to these events.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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October 1, 1843

Secretary of State Daniel Webster has resigned amid disagreements with President Tyler over the handling of Texas. The President appointed former Vice President and noted pro-slavery politician John C. Calhoun to replace Webster.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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May 1, 1845

The Polk administration will open a fresh round of talks with Great Britain later this year in an effort to resolve the Oregon boundary dispute.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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October 31, 1845

Upon receiving certain intimations that Mexico may be willing to negotiate, President Polk is dispatching John Slidell of Louisiana to meet with the Mexican government. Mr. Slidell has been authorized to represent the United States in an official capacity and to offer various sums for a border settlement along the Rio Grande, including the forgiveness of large outstanding Mexican debts.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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December 6, 1845

Congressman Slidell's arrival in early December created a stir in Mexico City. Many Mexican politicians were offended by his presence and even more outraged by his stated mission to secure recognition of the Rio Grande border. President Herrera refused to receive him; because Slidell was clothed with the full powers of a plenipotentiary, this would constitute a resumption of normal relations with the United States, which Mexico was not prepared to do. However, if Slidell had not been commissioned to represent the U.S. in an official capacity, any resulting peace agreement would lack the same air of legitimacy and thus create difficulties later on.

In either case the Mexican public was flatly unwilling to tolerate any cession of territory to America, as they still considered Texas part of their nation. Slidell's additional proposals to buy land on the Pacific coast incited great anger in the press.

In the wake of this growing discontent, President Herrera was finally forced to resign late in the month in favor of Mariano Paredes, a centralista and professional soldier. It is unlikely that the new regime will take any different stance on the Texas matter, although Slidell will remain in Mexico through early 1846 to seek official reception.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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March 15, 1846

After remaining outside Mexico City in limbo for three months, Slidell finally demanded to know whether the government would receive him. A peremptory refusal came on the 15th of March, and Slidell requested his passports and prepared to depart. He candidly wrote to President Polk of his frustrations and the Mexicans' obstinacy: "A war would probably be the best mode of settling our affairs with Mexico."
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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April 15, 1847

A diplomatic mission to Korea has returned to the United States bearing news that our proposed commercial treaty was accepted. The delegation was dispatched in early 1846 after the success of Perry's voyage to Japan, and followed several calls for such an expedition throughout 1844-45 by members of Congress representing merchant districts.

The United States will gain extraterritoriality, coaling and trading rights in Korea and citizens of both nations will enjoy the ability to own property and move about. Additionally, the United States has pledged to use its diplomatic offices for Korea's aid in the event it is treated unfairly.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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October 21, 1847

The State Department has recalled Nicholas Trist, U.S. envoy to Mexico, following several reported unauthorized actions in his peace negotiations with Mexican leaders.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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February 29, 1848

The State Department has released information on a peace treaty negotiated at Guadalupe Hidalgo between Trist and the Mexican government. The treaty, which was technically unauthorized in light of Trist's recall last year, has provoked consternation from all levels of the government. Nonetheless, President Polk referred it to the Senate for review.
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"For more than half a century, during which kingdoms and empires have fallen, this Union has stood unshaken. The patriots who formed it have long since descended to the grave; yet still it remains, the proudest monument to their memory."
- Zachary Taylor
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