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Twelve stones on the breastplate
Topic Started: Feb 10 2011, 06:06 AM (397 Views)
MarkStaneart
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And thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the children of Israel: (Exodus 28:9 KJV)

Six of their names on one stone, and the other six names of the rest on the other stone, according to their birth. (Exodus 28:10 KJV)

The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan call them stones of beryl, and so does the Syriac version. The Septuagint describes these stones as emerald. The Arabic version states they are crystal stones. Josephus and Brannius agree that they were sardonyx. Does it matter? It will when Messiah returns and assumes His role as Priest and King over all the world. What matters more is that the names of the twelve tribes of Israel are engraved upon them. We must never forget that Messiah, High King of Heaven and Lord over the earth bears the ephod of the High Priest of Israel.

The gentile Church repudiates the requirement to be grafted in among Israel and to enter into the commonwealth of the house of Israel. Rather, they stand on their own as "separate but equal" in the name of Jesus. Messiah has no obligation to bear their weight on these terms.
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MarkStaneart
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Rabbinically, less emphasis was placed upon the actual definiton of the stone than the color: according to Bamidbar Rabbah (2:7), the colorings of the stones were as follows: Reuben's stone, odem, was red; Simeon's stone, pitedah, was green;
Levi's stone, bareket, was white, black and red; Judah's stone, nofech, was sky-colored; Issachar's stone, sapir, was dark blue; Zebulun's stone, yahalom, was white (lavan, which can also mean clear); Dan's stone, leshem, was of a similar hue as that of the sapir; Gad's stone, shvo, was gray; Naphtali's stone, chlamah, was the color of clear wine; Asher's stone, tarshish, was "the color of the precious stone with which women decorate themselves"; Joseph's stone, shoham, was black; Benjamin's stone yashpei, had the colors of all twelve
stones.

It is worth considering the description of the New Jerusalem in Revelation 21:19-20, that the foundations of the twelve gates are the same stones that represent the twelve tribes of Israel. The point seems rather clear that Adonai declares that Israel is His chosen people. One cannot enter into the Holy City without entering through Israel.
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MarkStaneart
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And they shall bind the breastplate by the rings thereof unto the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, that it may be above the curious girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate be not loosed from the ephod. (Exodus 28:28 KJV)

Careful note is taken as to how the breastplate and the ephod are inseparable. One comment is that since the breastplate is on the top portion of the High Priest’s body and the ephod hangs down, this is representative that there must be no division between the upper mitvotim (the commands of Torah in relation to God) and the lower mitzvot (those commands that decide between people). Others have brought up how the children of Israel are named above (upon the High Priest’s shoulders) and before (upon his chest), see reference 1st Kings 8:23.
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