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The Number of People Enslaved

The number of people enslaved by Muslims has been a hotly debated topic, especially when the millions of Africans forced from their homelands are considered.

Some historians estimate that between A.D. 650 and 1900, 10 to 20 million people were enslaved by Arab slave traders. Others believe over 20 million enslaved Africans alone had been delivered through the trans-Sahara route alone to the Islamic world.

Dr. John Alembellah Azumah in his 2001 book, The Legacy of Arab-Islam in Africa estimates that over 80 million Black people more died en route.

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Arab Enslavers Practiced Genetic Warfare

The Arab slave trade typically dealt in the sale of castrated male slaves. Black boys between the age of 8 and 12 had their scrotums and penises completely amputated to prevent them from reproducing. About six of every 10 boys bled to death during the procedure, according to some sources, but the high price brought by eunuchs on the market made the practice profitable.

Some men were castrated to be eunuchs in domestic service and the practice of neutering male slaves was not limited to only Black males. “The calipha in Baghdad at the beginning of the 10th Century had 7,000 black eunuchs and 4,000 white eunuchs in his palace,” writes author Ronald Segal in his 2002 book, Islam’s Black Slaves: The Other Black Diaspora.

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Arab Slave Trade Inspired Arab Racism Toward Blacks

Its important to note that Arab is not a racial classification; an Arab is almost like an American in that people classified as Arab today could be Caucasian (white people), Asiatic or even Arabized Africans. In the beginning there was some level of mutual respect between the Blacks and the more lighter skinned Arabs. However, as Islam and the demand for enslaved Blacks grew, so did racism toward Africans.

As casual association with Black skin and slave began to be established, racist attitudes towards Blacks began to manifest in Arabic language and literature. The word for slave – Abid – became a colloquialism for African. Other words such as Haratin express social inferiority of Africans.

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Arab Enslavers Targeted Women For Rape

The eastern Arab slave trade dealt primarily with African women, maintaining a ratio of two women for each man. These women and young girls were used by Arabs and other Asians as concubines and menials.

A Muslim slaveholder was entitled by law to the sexual enjoyment of his slave women. Filling the harems of wealthy Arabs, African women bore them a host of children.

This abuse of African women would continue for nearly 1, 200 years.

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Arab Slave Trade Ushered in The European Slave Trade

The Arab slave trade in the 19th century was economically tied to the European trade of Africans. New opportunities of exploitation were provided by the transatlantic slave trade and this sent Arab slavers into overdrive.

The Portuguese (on the Swahili coast) profited directly and were responsible for a boom in the Arab trade. Meanwhile on the West African coast, the Portuguese found Muslim merchants entrenched along the African coast as far as the Bight of Benin. These European enslavers found they could make considerable amounts of gold transporting enslaved Africans from one trading post to another, along the Atlantic coast.

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The Arab Slave Trade Sparked One of The Largest Slave Rebellions in History

The Zanj Rebellion took place near the city of Basra, located in present-day southern Iraq, over a period of fifteen years (A.D. 869–883). The insurrection is believed to have involved enslaved Africans (Zanj) who had originally been captured from the African Great Lakes region and areas further south in East Africa.

Basran landowners had brought several thousand East African Zanj people into southern Iraq to drain the salt marshes in the east. The landowners forced the Zanj, who generally spoke no Arabic, into heavy slave labor and provided them with only minimal subsistence. The harsh treatment sparked an uprising that grew to involve over 500,000 enslaved and free men who were imported from across the Muslim empire.

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Arab Enslavers Avoided Teaching Islam to Blacks to Justify Enslaving Them

According to some historians, Islam prohibited freeborn Muslims from being enslaved, so it was not in the interest for Arab slavers to convert enslaved Africans to the religion. Since converting enslaved Africans to Muslim would grant them more rights and reduce the potential reservoir of people to enslave, propagators of Islam often revealed a cautious attitude toward proselytizing Africans.

Still, if an African converted to Islam he was not guaranteed freedom nor did it confer freedom to their children. Only children of slaves or non-Muslim prisoners of war could become slaves, never a freeborn Muslim.

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The Time Period

The Arab slave trade was the longest yet least discussed of the two major slave trades. It began in seventh century as Arabs and other Asians poured into northern and eastern Africa under the banner of Islam. The Arab trade of Blacks in Southeast Africa predates the European transatlantic slave trade by 700 years. Some scholars say the Arab slave trade continued in one form or another up until the 1960s, however, slavery in Mauritania was criminalized as recently as August 2007.

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The Arab Slave Trade Allowed More Upward Mobility Than the European Slave Trade

Upward mobility within the ranks of Arab slaves was not rare. Tariq ibn Ziyad – who conquered Spain and whom Gibraltar was named after – was a slave of the emir of Ifriqiya, Musa bin Nusayr, who gave him his freedom and appointed him a general in his army.

Son of an enslaved Ethiopian mother, Antarah ibn Shaddād, also known as Antar, was an Afro-Arabic man who was originally born into slavery. He eventually became a well-known poet and warrior. Extremely courageous in battle, historians have dubbed him the “father of knighthood … [and] chivalry” and “the king of heroes.”

This kind of upward mobility did not occur in the European slavery system.

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Arab Slave Trade Not Limited To Africa or Skin Color

One of the biggest differences between the Arab slave trade and European slaving was that the Arabs drew slaves from all racial groups. During the eighth and ninth centuries of the Fatimid Caliphate, most of the slaves were Europeans (called Saqaliba), captured along European coasts and during wars.

Aside from those of African origins, people from a wide variety of regions were forced into Arab slavery, including Mediterranean people; Persians; people from the Caucasus mountain regions (such as Georgia, Armenia and Circassia) and parts of Central Asia and Scandinavia; English, Dutch and Irish; and Berbers from North Africa.

kennyinbmore

Jul 7 2015, 09:46 AM

I guess that made European slavery ok then

cisslybee2012

Jul 7 2015, 10:22 AM

You see, what I'm saying is that the black rule of the world had to fall

cisslybee2012

Jul 7 2015, 10:22 AM

kennyinbmore

Jul 7 2015, 09:46 AM

I guess that made European slavery ok then

No.

The point is that slavery is a bad aspect of human living that our species struggled through over the ages and still struggling through today. I personally understand this phenomenon because I study the cosmic science of racism and slavery. Which took a white people for any possibility of slavery to evolve to freedom in parts of the globe.

So I would never say that European slavery is okay, but that it was necessary for the west to progress as it have. This isn't hard to see when you look over at the enslavement and warfare practices still going on in Africa and the middle east now. Practices that been going on over there nonstop since the first civilization of Sumer and possibility before then which was prehistoric.

You see, what I'm saying is that the black rule of the world had to fall in order to move past the atrocities you see in Africa and the middle east now. The European man had to take the black down from his pedestal in order to progress the masses past the direction of aimless slavery.

I don't think U is saying that European slavery is okay, but that we are negative to bellyache about it when it was something we endured a long time before the white man stepped in and are freer than our black people in our native homeland. And I agree with U on that.

emotions' SOLE controller

Jul 7 2015, 10:56 AM

cisslybee2012

Jul 7 2015, 10:22 AM

You see, what I'm saying is that the black rule of the world had to fall

I can respect your right to that.

Nonetheless as according to your line of, thinking, I fear asking the reasoning/rationale behind why you felt Black Rule of the world needed to be replaced with a far more wicked, destructive, greedy rule call Caucasian Rule of the world.

Black rule consisted of creativity and developing the real world, whereas Caucasian rule came about through theft of ideas and inventions. So again, I think it is no doubt intriguing, what you have determined. So from a philosophical standpoint, tell me...do you think an evil force which needs to be replaced via that, evil, should then be replaced by a far more dreadfully evil force?


Black Rule even into it's nooks and crannies of Africa, consisted of selling other Blacks to slaves traders, only if they were tribal enemies. Whereas they were usually killed, as enemies, before slave-traders invaded The African Bush. This is the exact type of tribal wars which Caucasians had too, for centuries. For instance, Romans had those wars between other White Romans and Greeks with other White Greeks and White British and French too. So, why do you think it is, that people only focus on darkskinned-Africans when they did it?...consider that a bonus question if you find the facilities to address it.

UTB

Jul 7 2015, 06:36 PM

I find it very odd, that when talking about Arab slavery,Negroes have nothing to say. I suppose they don't want to upset the Muslims.