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A world without Crocodilia
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Topic Started: Jul 31 2017, 11:51 AM (1,295 Views)
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kusanagi
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Jul 31 2017, 02:25 PM
Post #16
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- Insect Illuminati Get Shrekt
- Jul 31 2017, 02:07 PM
- kusanagi
- Jul 31 2017, 02:03 PM
- Insect Illuminati Get Shrekt
- Jul 31 2017, 01:51 PM
- kusanagi
- Jul 31 2017, 01:46 PM
What started this off was two things: 1) contemplating the similarities of bichirs to rhipidistians, and 2) the plesiomorphic fish-like physiologies of temnospondyls and implicitly embolomers such as 560kg Eogyrinus which are now stemward of crown group tetrapods and possessed a tailfin skeleton. Obviously the giant "amphibians" of the Carboniferous to Cretaceous were fish like in physiology and yet became replaced by aquatic archosaurs, phytosaurs and choristoderes except in the cold south.
Please define "fish like", because fish have a very wide rang of physiologies.
I borrowed the term from Witzman's description of Archegosaurus in contrast to modern batrachians, which are derived and do not represent a primitive stage between bony fishes and reptiles. People like John Hawks make fun of the "all tetrapods are fish" sorts, but Archegosaurus was still a fish though with a developed neck and pentadactyl limbs.
You still didn't tell exactly what "fish like" is. In what way are temnospondyls fish like that lissamphibians are not? I posted the link.
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IIGSY
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Jul 31 2017, 02:32 PM
Post #17
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- kusanagi
- Jul 31 2017, 02:03 PM
The word fish really ought to be abandoned You know what's even worse than "fish"?
I think you all know what I'm about to say
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Projects Punga: A terraformed world with no vertebrates Last one crawling: The last arthropod
ARTH-6810: A world without vertebrates (It's ded, but you can still read I guess)
Potential ideas- Swamp world: A world covered in lakes, with the largest being caspian sized. Nematozoic: After a mass extinction of ultimate proportions, a single species of nematode is the only surviving animal. Tri-devonian: A devonian like ecosystem with holocene species on three different continents.
Quotes "Arthropod respiratory systems aren't really "inefficient", they're just better suited to their body size. It would be quite inefficient for a tiny creature that can easily get all the oxygen it needs through passive diffusion to have a respiratory system that wastes energy on muscles that pump air into sacs. (Hence why lungless salamanders, uniquely miniscule and hyperabundant tetrapods, have ditched their lungs in favor of breathing with their skin and buccal mucous membranes.) But large, active insects already use muscles to pump air in and out of their spiracles, and I don't see why their tracheae couldn't develop pseudo- lungs if other conditions pressured them to grow larger."-HangingTheif
"Considering the lifespans of modern non- insect arthropods (decade-old old millipedes, 50 year old tarantulas, 100+ year old lobsters) I wouldn't be surprised if Arthropleura had a lifespan exceeding that of a large testudine"-HangingTheif
"Humans have a tribal mindset and it's not alien for tribes to war on each other. I mean, look at the atrocities chimpanzee tribes do to each other. Most of people's groupings and big conflicts in history are directly or obliquely manifestations of this tribal mindset."-Sceynyos-yis
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Then eat arby's and embrace the void."-Kamineigh
"Dougal Dixon rule 34."-Sayornis
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In honor of the greatest clade of all time
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kusanagi
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Jul 31 2017, 02:53 PM
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- Insect Illuminati Get Shrekt
- Jul 31 2017, 02:32 PM
- kusanagi
- Jul 31 2017, 02:03 PM
The word fish really ought to be abandoned
You know what's even worse than "fish"? I think you all know what I'm about to say I would say, amphibian. Modern batrachians and caecilians are not representatives of basal tetrapods any more than amniotes are. Defining Amphibia to include batrachians and caecilians includes a lot of "fish with legs" and no amniote ancestors, though amniotes also derive from a "fish with legs" in the crown Tetrapoda's last common ancestor. Functionally the living Dipnoi are probably closer to the tetrapod and modern temnospondyl LCAs in most respects than are frogs or salamanders.
Edited by kusanagi, Jul 31 2017, 02:59 PM.
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IIGSY
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Jul 31 2017, 02:56 PM
Post #19
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- kusanagi
- Jul 31 2017, 02:53 PM
- Insect Illuminati Get Shrekt
- Jul 31 2017, 02:32 PM
- kusanagi
- Jul 31 2017, 02:03 PM
The word fish really ought to be abandoned
You know what's even worse than "fish"? I think you all know what I'm about to say
I would say, amphibian. Modern batrachians and caecilians are not representatives of basal tetrapods any more than amniotes are. Defining Amphibia to include batrachians and caecilians includes a lot of "fish with legs" and no amniote ancestors, though amniotes also derive from a "fish with legs" in the crown Tetrapoda's last common ancestor. You what's even worse than that? Invertebrate. At least with fish and amphibian, they are vaguely similar in some superficial ways. The same is not true for invertebrates. Even at the most superficial level, there is not a single, even remotely meaningful thing they have common.
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Projects Punga: A terraformed world with no vertebrates Last one crawling: The last arthropod
ARTH-6810: A world without vertebrates (It's ded, but you can still read I guess)
Potential ideas- Swamp world: A world covered in lakes, with the largest being caspian sized. Nematozoic: After a mass extinction of ultimate proportions, a single species of nematode is the only surviving animal. Tri-devonian: A devonian like ecosystem with holocene species on three different continents.
Quotes "Arthropod respiratory systems aren't really "inefficient", they're just better suited to their body size. It would be quite inefficient for a tiny creature that can easily get all the oxygen it needs through passive diffusion to have a respiratory system that wastes energy on muscles that pump air into sacs. (Hence why lungless salamanders, uniquely miniscule and hyperabundant tetrapods, have ditched their lungs in favor of breathing with their skin and buccal mucous membranes.) But large, active insects already use muscles to pump air in and out of their spiracles, and I don't see why their tracheae couldn't develop pseudo- lungs if other conditions pressured them to grow larger."-HangingTheif
"Considering the lifespans of modern non- insect arthropods (decade-old old millipedes, 50 year old tarantulas, 100+ year old lobsters) I wouldn't be surprised if Arthropleura had a lifespan exceeding that of a large testudine"-HangingTheif
"Humans have a tribal mindset and it's not alien for tribes to war on each other. I mean, look at the atrocities chimpanzee tribes do to each other. Most of people's groupings and big conflicts in history are directly or obliquely manifestations of this tribal mindset."-Sceynyos-yis
"He's the leader of the bunch You know his Coconut Gun is finally back to fire in spurts. His Coconut Gun Can make you smile If he shoots ya it's firing in spurts. His Coconut Gun Is bigger, faster, stronger too! He's the gun member of the Coconut Crew! HUH!
C.G.! Coconut Gun! C.G.! Co-Coconut Gun! Shoot yourself with a Coconut Gun! HUH!"-Kamineigh
"RIP, rest in Peytoia."-Little
"In Summary: Piss on Lovecraft's racist grave by making lewds of Cthulhu and Nyarlathotep.
Then eat arby's and embrace the void."-Kamineigh
"Dougal Dixon rule 34."-Sayornis
Phylogeny of the arthropods and some related groups
In honor of the greatest clade of all time
More pictures
Other cool things
All African countries can fit into Brazil
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Dragonthunders
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Jul 31 2017, 06:43 PM
Post #20
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- kusanagi
- Jul 31 2017, 02:05 PM
- Dragonthunders
- Jul 31 2017, 02:02 PM
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But they have lungs
That's great, now you just have to make them not so dependent on cutaneous breathing with a more impermeable skin and you'll probably be close to a suitable model of croc-like lissamphibian.
Right: did amphiumas break that constraint by possessing fish-like internal gills? Do they have a metabolism like Archegosaurus or like other batrachians? I'm not sure at all, although it is a little fascinating that they maintain that characteristic, it seems to me a little more than normally the neotenic forms of amphibians do not become completely independent of water. I'm not sure about what was the Archegosaurus metabolism, and with batrachians probably, however, I think I would have to investigate a little about it.
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You what's even worse than that? Invertebrate. At least with fish and amphibian, they are vaguely similar in some superficial ways. The same is not true for invertebrates. Even at the most superficial level, there is not a single, even remotely meaningful thing they have common.
That is too subjective to tell the truth.
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Rodlox
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Jul 31 2017, 07:39 PM
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- kusanagi
- Jul 31 2017, 01:03 PM
To properly fill the role of a croc analog an animal needs to be able to withstand droubt and maybe cross over land. Potentially this means a large fish with an amphibious disposition which is why I said bichirs. Catfish and snakeheads might be able to but pikes and mudminnows?
a croc analogue does not need to be exactly like a croc. bison and kangaroos are analogues, but they each do things the other cannot.
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HangingThief
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Jul 31 2017, 08:24 PM
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Mudminnows aren't an exceptionally likely candidate for crocodilian- like niches, but they do have cylindrical rather than vertically flattened bodies that allow them to slither and crawl on land a little bit rather than just flop like most fish. From personal observation (I have an aquarium with a few mudminnows I caught) they also sometimes use their pectoral and pelvic fins to "walk" along the bottom in a tetrapod- like manner.
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LittleLazyLass
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Jul 31 2017, 11:23 PM
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Future Earth will lilely have no crocodiles so what fills the same niche?
I've only skimmed what we have so far in this thread, but you've got me got on literally the first line here. What logic is there that crocodilians are likely to go extinct? I mean, in some crazy mass extinction, maybe, but they're a resilient group and assuming they're going to go extinct any time soon seems odd.
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IIGSY
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Jul 31 2017, 11:36 PM
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- Little
- Jul 31 2017, 11:23 PM
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Future Earth will lilely have no crocodiles so what fills the same niche?
I've only skimmed what we have so far in this thread, but you've got me got on literally the first line here. What logic is there that crocodilians are likely to go extinct? I mean, in some crazy mass extinction, maybe, but they're a resilient group and assuming they're going to go extinct any time soon seems odd. They're very few in number as of now. There is less than 100 species at this point.
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Projects Punga: A terraformed world with no vertebrates Last one crawling: The last arthropod
ARTH-6810: A world without vertebrates (It's ded, but you can still read I guess)
Potential ideas- Swamp world: A world covered in lakes, with the largest being caspian sized. Nematozoic: After a mass extinction of ultimate proportions, a single species of nematode is the only surviving animal. Tri-devonian: A devonian like ecosystem with holocene species on three different continents.
Quotes "Arthropod respiratory systems aren't really "inefficient", they're just better suited to their body size. It would be quite inefficient for a tiny creature that can easily get all the oxygen it needs through passive diffusion to have a respiratory system that wastes energy on muscles that pump air into sacs. (Hence why lungless salamanders, uniquely miniscule and hyperabundant tetrapods, have ditched their lungs in favor of breathing with their skin and buccal mucous membranes.) But large, active insects already use muscles to pump air in and out of their spiracles, and I don't see why their tracheae couldn't develop pseudo- lungs if other conditions pressured them to grow larger."-HangingTheif
"Considering the lifespans of modern non- insect arthropods (decade-old old millipedes, 50 year old tarantulas, 100+ year old lobsters) I wouldn't be surprised if Arthropleura had a lifespan exceeding that of a large testudine"-HangingTheif
"Humans have a tribal mindset and it's not alien for tribes to war on each other. I mean, look at the atrocities chimpanzee tribes do to each other. Most of people's groupings and big conflicts in history are directly or obliquely manifestations of this tribal mindset."-Sceynyos-yis
"He's the leader of the bunch You know his Coconut Gun is finally back to fire in spurts. His Coconut Gun Can make you smile If he shoots ya it's firing in spurts. His Coconut Gun Is bigger, faster, stronger too! He's the gun member of the Coconut Crew! HUH!
C.G.! Coconut Gun! C.G.! Co-Coconut Gun! Shoot yourself with a Coconut Gun! HUH!"-Kamineigh
"RIP, rest in Peytoia."-Little
"In Summary: Piss on Lovecraft's racist grave by making lewds of Cthulhu and Nyarlathotep.
Then eat arby's and embrace the void."-Kamineigh
"Dougal Dixon rule 34."-Sayornis
Phylogeny of the arthropods and some related groups
In honor of the greatest clade of all time
More pictures
Other cool things
All African countries can fit into Brazil
|
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LittleLazyLass
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Jul 31 2017, 11:39 PM
Post #25
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Oh goodness, not even a measly hundred species? They're tetrapods, a small group not having more than a hundred species isn't exactly evidence they're doomed.
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totally not British, b-baka!
You like me (Unlike) I don't even really like this song that much but the title is pretty relatable sometimes, I guess.
Me  Forum user Uncanny Gemstar drew what is supposed to be a me. Thanks! Spoiler: click to toggle As they walk in, they're greeted by a small, poorly kept pathway leading to a poorly constructed Japanese-style gate. Behind this, a small field made up of corn, rice, wheat, potatoes, among other plants is contrasted by large piles of books, as well as a few rather out of place looking laptops. Off in the corner, a small woman, with long, striped, and strikingly colorful socks, no shoes, unremarkable denim shorts, a large, fancy black coat, arm warmers, glasses, a tuque, and somewhat unkempt, mid-length blue-and-pink-streaked red hair, is rummaging through a trash bin, located behind a sign saying "employees only". She continues this for a while (walking behind a wall to change her outfit now and then), until one of her visitors coughs. Startled, she looks up, apologizes, and grabs a handful of textbooks and novels before daintily running off to join them. What, you want me to tell you what these mean? Predenterra The (Lost) Lost World The Standing World Read First Clarifications on my sex and genderSorry if I come off as rude, I don't put much thought into word choice sometimes. I'm also super prone to editing my posts, sometimes multiple times, in the minutes following posting. For the love of god, take my posts from my earlier days on the forum with a grain of salt. I was not particularly knowledgeable or mature back then. Some of them are so cringe-worthy I can't even bring myself to look at them. Words Maybe Great Words - Words To Spec By
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It would have to be something extremely alien, pushing the limits of our imagination. But those are always my favorite kinds of life. ~~The Words of The Xenologist
- Words To Live By
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Ignorance is never insulting if you're willing to learn, we're all ignorant about most things. ~~The Words of Lamna
- Words I Live By
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Yeah, and even if you don't agree with creationists on that concept, that doesn't mean they can't be decent people. I have friends who are creationist (possibly even young earth) that I get along with fine in general life. I don't think they're right of course, but that doesn't make them intellectual degenerates. ~~The Words of forbidden3
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Ass-breathing fish-lizards? Sounds like a punk rock band
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Tyrannosaurus aquastronka
- Kamineigh
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Myo, if you don't stop reading the YouTube comments...
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Are you saying what I think you're saying?
Sheather bathes in cum?
- Cephylus
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And last night I dreamed I was blowing up a Kindergarten with a grenade launcher for no particular reason...
- revin
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Oh, and of course more people get killed by selfies than by sharks. Of course.
- Parasky
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SHEEEEAAAAATTTTTTHHHHHHHHHEEEEEEEEERRRRRRRRR!!!!!!!!
- whachamacalit2
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The smell of rotting flesh really kills my appetite, surprising, but the visual appearance of corpses makes me hungry. Is that weird?
- Ebervalius
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I mean, let us say I'm a genderfluid blurflux demi-romantic woman who is sexually attracted to men, but only if they are Melanesian and have a voice like that of Nicholas Cage. Okay, so what?
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When I first saw that picture, I thought you were dissecting a condom.
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All hail Robo-Stalin.
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Seems like everything in this project is now dead.
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Seagulls are pretty much trees, right?
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We all must finish chapters of our lives to go on to the next. Sometime this means leaving behind versions of ourselves that don't want to die.
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For April fool's, we had to make an orgasm that resembled a human foot.
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im the black market
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He was a skater birb, she said tweet you later birb
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- Xenoblade Chronicles
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Even though he is our creator, that does not afford him the right to take our lives on a whim. But that is the thinking of a homs. He is a god. Such morals cannot apply to gods. So you think we should just shut up and die?! If that is the fate decided by a god. You are mistaken if you think we will simply accept such a fate and wait to die. We'll never stop fighting. Not till the end. To Zanza, the outcome is the same. Thus your logic is flawed.
- Hades - Kid Icarus Uprising
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When freaky aliens give you lemons, make freaky alien lemonade.
- Kid Icarus Uprising
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But Souls are delicious. They're like bacon - they taste good on anything. But if you eat them, you completely remove them from existence! They can't move on or... or be reincarnated! Huh. I never really gave it much thought. Besides, what do you mean by reincarnation anyway? You know, being reborn as someone or something else. Which means different body, different memories, different experiences, yes? So isn't being reborn as "something else" the same as being "removed from existence"? I... I... eating souls isn't right! That depends on your definition of "right". All living things survive by eating other living things. So what? You're a god. You should be above all that! Gods are above living things, which doesn't necessarily mean we care about them.
- Some Dude on BBC Two
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You are being shagged... by a flightless parrot.
Stuff
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IIGSY
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Jul 31 2017, 11:58 PM
Post #26
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A huntsman spider that wastes time on the internet because it has nothing better to do
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- Members
- Member
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- Little
- Jul 31 2017, 11:39 PM
Oh goodness, not even a measly hundred species? They're tetrapods, a small group not having more than a hundred species isn't exactly evidence they're doomed. Well, it's not just that. But it seems their diversity has been in decline ever since the K-PG extinction.
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Projects Punga: A terraformed world with no vertebrates Last one crawling: The last arthropod
ARTH-6810: A world without vertebrates (It's ded, but you can still read I guess)
Potential ideas- Swamp world: A world covered in lakes, with the largest being caspian sized. Nematozoic: After a mass extinction of ultimate proportions, a single species of nematode is the only surviving animal. Tri-devonian: A devonian like ecosystem with holocene species on three different continents.
Quotes "Arthropod respiratory systems aren't really "inefficient", they're just better suited to their body size. It would be quite inefficient for a tiny creature that can easily get all the oxygen it needs through passive diffusion to have a respiratory system that wastes energy on muscles that pump air into sacs. (Hence why lungless salamanders, uniquely miniscule and hyperabundant tetrapods, have ditched their lungs in favor of breathing with their skin and buccal mucous membranes.) But large, active insects already use muscles to pump air in and out of their spiracles, and I don't see why their tracheae couldn't develop pseudo- lungs if other conditions pressured them to grow larger."-HangingTheif
"Considering the lifespans of modern non- insect arthropods (decade-old old millipedes, 50 year old tarantulas, 100+ year old lobsters) I wouldn't be surprised if Arthropleura had a lifespan exceeding that of a large testudine"-HangingTheif
"Humans have a tribal mindset and it's not alien for tribes to war on each other. I mean, look at the atrocities chimpanzee tribes do to each other. Most of people's groupings and big conflicts in history are directly or obliquely manifestations of this tribal mindset."-Sceynyos-yis
"He's the leader of the bunch You know his Coconut Gun is finally back to fire in spurts. His Coconut Gun Can make you smile If he shoots ya it's firing in spurts. His Coconut Gun Is bigger, faster, stronger too! He's the gun member of the Coconut Crew! HUH!
C.G.! Coconut Gun! C.G.! Co-Coconut Gun! Shoot yourself with a Coconut Gun! HUH!"-Kamineigh
"RIP, rest in Peytoia."-Little
"In Summary: Piss on Lovecraft's racist grave by making lewds of Cthulhu and Nyarlathotep.
Then eat arby's and embrace the void."-Kamineigh
"Dougal Dixon rule 34."-Sayornis
Phylogeny of the arthropods and some related groups
In honor of the greatest clade of all time
More pictures
Other cool things
All African countries can fit into Brazil
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HangingThief
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Aug 1 2017, 01:28 AM
Post #27
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- Insect Illuminati Get Shrekt
- Jul 31 2017, 11:58 PM
- Little
- Jul 31 2017, 11:39 PM
Oh goodness, not even a measly hundred species? They're tetrapods, a small group not having more than a hundred species isn't exactly evidence they're doomed.
Well, it's not just that. But it seems their diversity has been in decline ever since the K-PG extinction. Perhaps. But they're still pretty tough animals. All that modern species need is warm shallow water and some sort of prey, and they have a pretty extensive global distribution.
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Hey.
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Rodlox
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Aug 1 2017, 04:11 AM
Post #28
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- Little
- Jul 31 2017, 11:23 PM
- Quote:
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Future Earth will lilely have no crocodiles so what fills the same niche?
I've only skimmed what we have so far in this thread, but you've got me got on literally the first line here. What logic is there that crocodilians are likely to go extinct? I mean, in some crazy mass extinction, maybe, but they're a resilient group and assuming they're going to go extinct any time soon seems odd. I figured it was two parts: a. a thought experiment. b. humans already nearly did in quite a number of crocodilian species around the world - its not outlandish to think that, by the time we leave the planet, we'd do in the crocs and some other groups.
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.---------------------------------------------. Parts of the Cluster Worlds: "Marsupialless Australia" (what-if) & "Out on a Branch" (future evolution) & "The Earth under a still sun" (WIP)
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kusanagi
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Aug 1 2017, 07:38 AM
Post #29
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Yes its a thought experiment but all of them are less than LC (least concern) except saltwater croc, spectacled caiman, and American alligator. Humans are likely to create a mass extinction of most species weighing over 20kg which is not only the size range of the few unthreatened crocodilians but of their prey. Of the three spectacled caiman maybe has the best chances of survival. The caimans will found populations in urban areas as they did here in Peru by catching rats, and are smaller than the other two likely survivors, presumably capable of rapid dwarfing if it is neccessary because their average body size already varies by population. There will be no more dwarf crocodilians or long-snouted gavial type crocodilians immediately after the anthropocene and at the very least entire continents will be missing the crocodilians thereby continuing the total decline already in place long before before man.
Edited by kusanagi, Aug 1 2017, 09:18 AM.
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IIGSY
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Aug 1 2017, 09:36 AM
Post #30
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A huntsman spider that wastes time on the internet because it has nothing better to do
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- Future Evolution
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- Don't have one
- Also known as:
- Anomonys
- Gender:
- male
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- kusanagi
- Aug 1 2017, 07:38 AM
Yes its a thought experiment but all of them are less than LC (least concern) except saltwater croc, spectacled caiman, and American alligator. Humans are likely to create a mass extinction of most species weighing over 20kg which is not only the size range of the few unthreatened crocodilians but of their prey. Of the three spectacled caiman maybe has the best chances of survival. The caimans will found populations in urban areas as they did here in Peru by catching rats, and are smaller than the other two likely survivors, presumably capable of rapid dwarfing if it is neccessary because their average body size already varies by population. There will be no more dwarf crocodilians or long-snouted gavial type crocodilians immediately after the anthropocene and at the very least entire continents will be missing the crocodilians thereby continuing the total decline already in place long before before man. and at the very least entire continents will be missing the crocodilians thereby continuing the total decline already in place long before before man.
- Quote:
-
There will be no more dwarf crocodilians or long-snouted gavial type crocodilians immediately after the anthropocene and at the very least entire continents will be missing the crocodilians thereby continuing the total decline already in place long before before man.
- Quote:
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There will be no more dwarf crocodilians or long-snouted gavial type crocodilians immediately after the anthropocene
- Quote:
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Anthropocene Uh, where still in the holocene.
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Projects Punga: A terraformed world with no vertebrates Last one crawling: The last arthropod
ARTH-6810: A world without vertebrates (It's ded, but you can still read I guess)
Potential ideas- Swamp world: A world covered in lakes, with the largest being caspian sized. Nematozoic: After a mass extinction of ultimate proportions, a single species of nematode is the only surviving animal. Tri-devonian: A devonian like ecosystem with holocene species on three different continents.
Quotes "Arthropod respiratory systems aren't really "inefficient", they're just better suited to their body size. It would be quite inefficient for a tiny creature that can easily get all the oxygen it needs through passive diffusion to have a respiratory system that wastes energy on muscles that pump air into sacs. (Hence why lungless salamanders, uniquely miniscule and hyperabundant tetrapods, have ditched their lungs in favor of breathing with their skin and buccal mucous membranes.) But large, active insects already use muscles to pump air in and out of their spiracles, and I don't see why their tracheae couldn't develop pseudo- lungs if other conditions pressured them to grow larger."-HangingTheif
"Considering the lifespans of modern non- insect arthropods (decade-old old millipedes, 50 year old tarantulas, 100+ year old lobsters) I wouldn't be surprised if Arthropleura had a lifespan exceeding that of a large testudine"-HangingTheif
"Humans have a tribal mindset and it's not alien for tribes to war on each other. I mean, look at the atrocities chimpanzee tribes do to each other. Most of people's groupings and big conflicts in history are directly or obliquely manifestations of this tribal mindset."-Sceynyos-yis
"He's the leader of the bunch You know his Coconut Gun is finally back to fire in spurts. His Coconut Gun Can make you smile If he shoots ya it's firing in spurts. His Coconut Gun Is bigger, faster, stronger too! He's the gun member of the Coconut Crew! HUH!
C.G.! Coconut Gun! C.G.! Co-Coconut Gun! Shoot yourself with a Coconut Gun! HUH!"-Kamineigh
"RIP, rest in Peytoia."-Little
"In Summary: Piss on Lovecraft's racist grave by making lewds of Cthulhu and Nyarlathotep.
Then eat arby's and embrace the void."-Kamineigh
"Dougal Dixon rule 34."-Sayornis
Phylogeny of the arthropods and some related groups
In honor of the greatest clade of all time
More pictures
Other cool things
All African countries can fit into Brazil
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| 1 user reading this topic (1 Guest and 0 Anonymous)
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