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Ecology of the Exinogene; A guide to the geography, ecology, and biology of the future
Topic Started: Mar 3 2017, 12:08 PM (3,407 Views)
Beetleboy
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neither lizard nor boy nor beetle . . . but a little of all three
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Ecology of the Exinogene Period

This is not to act as a field guide to future species, but rather focuses on the bigger picture. The amount of research I have put into this project is more than I've ever done before, to create something that I hope will be detailed and realistic. What I want from this project is something that embraces every aspect of the world, with as much effort put into the geography and climate as there is put into the animals. I don't want to write about species, unless it is a really unique and notable one. Instead, in this I am going to discuss the evolution of groups as a whole. Ecology will play a major role in this, as I want to follow the evolution of not just species, but the evolution of a group, of an ecosystem, of Earth itself. I think this is to be key to understanding and creating plausible organisms, to see it not as a creature on its own, but something that is dependant and interlinked with everything around, the ecosystem, the Earth, the climate, and the geography.

The Exinogene is a 53 million year long time period that goes from the end of the Holocene, to the Imeracene. Through this time period, I am going to look at how the continents move and the climate changes, and how this has effects on the organisms. I will follow the evolution of ecosystems and groups, looking at how they interlink and compete with each other. To create an in-depth and believable future world, this is not just going to be about large animals, as you often see. We will look at the evolution of flora, fungi, and invertebrates from mites to cephalopods. All of these are interlinked and create a complex world that hopefully will increase in depth and diversity as time goes on.

This project is the culmination of years of thought about future evolution, and experimenting with largely unsuccesful projects. It is a project that fulfils all of my interests, from geography to ecology, zoology to evolution. I hope that you enjoy it.


***


Our journey through time and evolution begins in the Holocene, with the Yellostone eruption and the extinction of Homo sapiens. From there, we move on through the Polycene, as the world slowly begins to warm up from geographical and climatic events, then on into the Thermacene, in which we see the evolution of many new and revolutionary groups. Finally, we shall end our journey in the Imeracene, a world where the ice caps are non-existant, and Earth is experiencing a hothouse climate.

The Exinogene Period is a time characterised by its warm climate, and slow build up to the formation of a new Pangaea, beyond the scope of this project. Many radical evolutionary changes appear during this period, in both flora and fauna. Both the land and sea are changing fast, in a flurry of new adaptations.

The Exinogene is an interesting period to look at due to its high amount of diversity - its hot climate and lack of any major extinction events allowed for a large biomass to appear. There were other contributing factors too, such as Antarctica drifting away from the pole, allowing for its previously inhospitable land to be colonised by a wide range of species.

This biodiverse, changing, dynamic world is the one that we shall look at. We will look first at the geography and geological time scale, before moving onto the ecology and the organisms themselves.

Welcome to the Exinogene.

***

Author's final note:

There is a lot more stuff to come. I didn't want to make the introduction too lengthy, because things such as geographical details deserve their own individual posts. Ecology of the Exinogene is to be a long-term project, and will gradually increase in detail and depth.

Constructive criticism, comments, questions, and feedback are welcome. Also, the majority of updates featuring organisms should include, at some point, drawings and possibly diagrams. I kind of need a map(s) as well, if anybody is willing eventually, but that can wait for now.




Catalogue of Major Revisions & Changes
Here every time there are major changes or something is revised in the project, it will be catalogued here along with the date of the change.




Contents - Ordered By Subject
Contents - Ordered By Epoch
~ The Age of Forests ~
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Beetleboy
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neither lizard nor boy nor beetle . . . but a little of all three
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Contents

None of these images belong to me.




Posted Image

Timeline and Geography of the Exinogene




Posted Image

Antarctica on the Move: development of Antarctic life during the Polycene




Posted Image

Mediterranean Flamingo




Posted Image

nothing yet




Posted Image

nothing yet
~ The Age of Forests ~
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DroidSyber
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I'll cut ya swear on me mum
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Ohhh, I'm excited
Non Enim Cadunt!

No idea how to actually hold down a project.
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Fazaner
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Шашава птичурина
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Projects (they are not dead, just updated realy slowly, feel free to comment):
-World after plague After a horrible plague unleashed by man nature slowly recovers. Now 36 million years later we take a look at this weird and wonderful world.
-Galaxy on fire. They have left their home to get out of war. They had no idea what awaits them.

My Deviant art profile, if you're curious.
Before you get offended or butthurt read this

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Beetleboy
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neither lizard nor boy nor beetle . . . but a little of all three
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Thanks guys!
~ The Age of Forests ~
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PortentosaMan
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Adolescent
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Interesting to see a new take on future evolution! This will be good, I can sense it haha. Good luck with future research and writing within this project!
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My first xenobiology project named Hodea
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Dapper Man
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* I am fed up with dis wuurld *
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Nice one, Beetle! Interested in seeing what you think of next.
Speculative Evolution:

Manitou; The Needle in the Haystack.
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GlarnBoudin
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Interesting. Looking forward to more.
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Co-creator/corporate minion for the Pop Culture Monster Apocalypse!

My Projects
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My dA page.
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Dr Nitwhite
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A laudable effort! I always try and look at the bigger picture with my projects, but often get caught up in specific species. I think this will help me (and all of us, I think) start to really get a better mental grasp on formulating a future ecology. I think that this is a wonderful idea, I look forward to more!
Speculative Evolution Projects-

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Tartarus
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Prime Specimen
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This looks promising.
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IIGSY
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A huntsman spider that wastes time on the internet because it has nothing better to do
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This project looks very promising.
Projects
Punga: A terraformed world with no vertebrates
Last one crawling: The last arthropod

ARTH-6810: A world without vertebrates (It's ded, but you can still read I guess)

Potential ideas-
Swamp world: A world covered in lakes, with the largest being caspian sized.
Nematozoic: After a mass extinction of ultimate proportions, a single species of nematode is the only surviving animal.
Tri-devonian: A devonian like ecosystem with holocene species on three different continents.

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Phylogeny of the arthropods and some related groups


In honor of the greatest clade of all time


More pictures


Other cool things


All African countries can fit into Brazil
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Beetleboy
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neither lizard nor boy nor beetle . . . but a little of all three
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Thank you all!

I corrected a few typos in the introduction.
~ The Age of Forests ~
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Hananas59
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I think my reaction to this is, despite having no content whatsoever up until this point, is that it's a passion project and therefore could become something good. I have seen many projects canceled or aborted, by countless people on this forum and even on DeviantArt both from me and other because no one did what they really felt in their heart. I hope this project breaks this trope and it looks like it will :)

Good luck and loads of fun with the project, you have a new supporter at hands :)
Treading the line between imagination and reality
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Beetleboy
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Hananas59
Mar 4 2017, 05:01 AM
I think my reaction to this is, despite having no content whatsoever up until this point, is that it's a passion project and therefore could become something good. I have seen many projects canceled or aborted, by countless people on this forum and even on DeviantArt both from me and other because no one did what they really felt in their heart. I hope this project breaks this trope and it looks like it will :)

Good luck and loads of fun with the project, you have a new supporter at hands :)
Thank you! I'm afraid I am guilty of abandoning projects. :r A lot. Well, my only excuse is that I've been trying to find something that I can stick with. And I think that all this time I've been trying to make my projects like others that I am a fan of. But this is kind of unique, nobody to my knowledge has really tried anything like this before. I kind of embrace my way of doing it and my interests in this, the ecology and the development of groups over time. I have very high hopes for Ecology of the Exinogene, with the many different areas that it covers, geography, ecology, evolution, everything really, it will hold my interest no matter what, even if sometimes it slumbers briefly (as the Multiverse does every so often). And right from joining this forum, it has kind of been my dream, a goal, to get a pinned project - this is the one that I hope might one day, eventually, fulfill that.

Thanks again for the support everybody! :)
~ The Age of Forests ~
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Beetleboy
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neither lizard nor boy nor beetle . . . but a little of all three
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Timeline and Geography



Quaternary Period
 

Holocene
0.0117 – 0 ma
Meaning: 'entirely recent'


Humans have been a highly succesful species, spreading across the globe, creating their own habitats and even crafting new organisms – they were, in short, completely unlike any other animal to ever exist on Earth. They were unique and bizarre, bipedal and mostly hairless, clever yet so very gifted at destroying the world around it. Their pursuit of ever more imaginative ways of self destruction would be their downfall, as a war that would last decades sprung into action. The world was at war again, but this would be the battle to end all battles – for since the first and second world war, humanity had been improving their weaponry. Each opposing force were more powerful than ever before, and had tools of destruction at their fingertips. Humans were intelligent, it is true, but evidently not clever enough to stop dropping the bombs which destroyed entire cities, causing chaos and besides great loss of human life, ecological collapse in many areas. But it was not this that would begin the gradual demise of humanity – it was the next move that was made by the warring people of Earth.

Several strains of genetically-engineered viruses were released, and they spread like wildfire. They were fast mutating, spreading from country to country as people migrated in an attempt to get away from the fighting, the bombs, and the pandemic, but they only succeeded in quickening its spread.

The Yellowstone Eruption occurred towards the end of the Holocene, causing a minor extinction event, mostly localised in North America. An area of around 800 kilometers (500 miles) experienced a covering of more than 10 centimetres (4 inches) of ash. Agriculture in the area pretty much ground to a halt, and many biodiverse areas such as the Pacific Northwest were badly effected by the fallout. Sulfur dioxide and other gases were vomited up into the atmosphere by the eruption, forming a covering that absorbs and reflects sunlight, temporarily cooling the climate. Severe frosts and altered rainfal patterns had a severe effect on agriculture.

The Holocene came to an abrupt end with the extinction of humans, their own actions combined with the Yellowstone Eruption was too much for them, and pushed them over the edge – joining the evolutionary graveyard along with the species that they themselves wiped out.

The Holocene Extinction Event saw the death of several notable animals, species that were hunted to extinction or lost their habitat. However, despite losing many charismatic megafaunal species, no major groups died out, and overall, the extinction event was a fairly mild one compared to ones in the past. However, the Americas did experience a loss of diversity, due to the Yellowstone Eruption.


Exinogene Period
 

Polycene Epoch
0-12.6 million years from now
Meaning: 'very new'


Geographically speaking, the Polycene is a time of huge changes, and corresponding climatic ones.

After recovering from the Yellowstone-induced cold period, the world now began to heat up again, due to the reopening of the Isthmus of Panama. South America breaks away from the North, which allows the currents to mix together in the now-widening gap between the continents. Warmer waters spread as a result, and the wet currents cease to reach Europe, in the opposite of the previous event that occurred during the formation of the North-South American land bridge. Less precipitation occurs in Europe during the Polycene, which helps to make it a drier, warmer place. A deglaciation of th Arctic ice cap occurs, which means not only rising sea levels, but also even more global warming, as the reflective ice is now replaced with dark sea water, absorbing the sun's energy, further warming the water, and so the cycle goes on.

During the Polycene, Antarctica's movement was small, but portions of it emerged above the ice cap, forming cold tundra. Only later will they it be colonised properly and the biodiversity of the rising continent will increase. For now, the warmer climate in the upper regions of Antarctica offer new life for the flora, and we will see a diversification of tussocks, which will go on throughout the Exinogene, despite being quelled by the arrival of other plants from South America.

A major change that will be a place of zoological interest in the millions of years to come is Kisiwa. As the Rift Valley flooded, it seperated a huge chunk of East Africa, and it is now a large island, filled with an incredible diversity of organisms. It has some more arid regions, whereas other areas are tropical rainforest, creating a variety of contrasting habitats. Kisiwa acts as a sort of ark, a stronghold for fauna from the Holocene that are now absent in mainland Africa.

Less notable than the changes mentioned above, but still of interest, are locations such as California Island, and the Mediterranean Saltpan. Both have interesting and unique ecosystems, although the saltpan is practically uninhabited apart from specialized invertebrates and giant flamingoes.




Thermacene
12.6 – 32.1 million years from now
Meaning: 'new warm'


During the early Thermacene, the Mediterranean Salt Flat began to be lifted as it was subjected to the forces of 2 continents mushing together, folding the land up into a mountain range. This process begins during the Thermacene, but it would take many millions of years, beyond the scope of this project, for them to rise to their full height. This mountain range is known as the Aljibal Mountains (the name coming from Arabic), but it is not until the Imeracene that they will actually deserve the title of mountain.

As Antarctica rises further up out of the south pole, its northerly sections become a rich new habitat for those that can adapt to this new envioroment. Temperate tussock plains make up the bulk of the habitat here, inhabited mostly by birds and some mammals that have rafted here from South America, as by the mid Thermacene, the two continents are very close to each other, allowing a brief interchange of rafting organisms.

Australia has been moving north, colliding with south-east Asia, sandwiching Indonesia between them, completing the Africa-Europe-Australia composite continent, which is referred to from the Thermacene onwards as Afropia. An event known as the Australian-Asian Interchange occurs, allowing organisms such as marsupials and monotremes to spread and compete in a new land. However, it should be noted that the post-Holocene mammals of Australia are not so marsupial-dominated, there are also a variety of large and succesful camel and dingo descendants.
Although the Australian-Asian Interchange allows for a greater amount of diversity for both continents, it also means that many organisms are out-competed, causing several major groups to die out.

By the time Australia had began it move north, New Zealand had already been torn apart by the tectonic activity there, as it straddles both the Australian and the Pacific Plate at once. South Island was split down the middle, so by this point, only half of New Zealand was carried northwards by the Australian Plate, as its other portion was left behind, a lonely island in the sea.

By the late Thermacene, the climate has only got warmer, helped by Antarctica sliding away from the pole, greatly decreasing the ice cap.




Imeracene
32.1 – 53 million years from now
Meaning: 'new day'


The climate is warmer than ever, and the ice caps have disappeared entirely. Tropical habitats are flourishing, including new biomes that are developing. Diversity has exploded – all of the incredibly numerous life found in a single area of rainforest is now spread over a very wide area.

The warmer climate is having an affect on the landmasses and the lifeforms on them. For example, the British Isles has been effected greatly by the rising sea level, and has been transformed into a flooded, split-up archipelago. Evolution here has run wild in the warming, insular envioroment.

North America has been quietly drifting west for the last few million years, and during the Imeracene, Alaska and Russia finally meet, closing the Bering Sea. Due to the warmer climate, both of these northerly locations are quite hospitable, and so are rather more biodiverse than they were during the Holocene, allowing for an exchange of organisms.

Antarctica has continued moving northwards, and is by this point a rich habitat, and home to a variety of strange organisms, both evolved from Holocenic Antarctic natives, and species rafted over from South America, and by the Imeracene, even south Africa as it drifts closer to it.

The Aljibal Mountain Range, where Africa and Europe collided, is still forming, but is by this point well-sized, and has an effect on the surrounding area. A warm, dry airmass that moves over the northern tip of Africa, gathers more moisture from the now-widened Red Sea, then as it moves on, it is blocked by the mountains. This leads to moist, tropical rainforest on the south side, as the damp air gathers, but an arid region known as the Sivatag Desert on the northern side.

A mountain range is also in the early stages of formation where Australia collided with Asia, and it is already quite sizeable. These mountains – known as the Gunung Mountains – are not yet large enough to affect airmasses. Further south-east is the Eyre Bay, a large inland sea, not unlike Hudson Bay. It is a flooded portion of South Australia, caused by the rising sea levels. This makes for a biodiverse, sheltered region with a fascinating ecosystem that shall be investigated in greater detail at a later point in the project.

Similar to the Eyre Bay is the Amazononas Bay. The sea level has rose to such an extent that it rises into the Amazon Basin, flooding the river with salt water, and creating a seawater-filled bay deep inland. This unusual habitat is sometimes known as the inland sea, and is home to a diverse range of bizarre organisms.
~ The Age of Forests ~
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