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| Out on a Branch; The radiations of clades after the Ages of Man and Jellyfish | |
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| Topic Started: Aug 11 2016, 12:53 AM (2,591 Views) | |
| Rodlox | Aug 11 2016, 12:53 AM Post #1 |
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Superhuman
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The extinction of humankind marked the end of an era which had wiped out many species and a number of genera. Some groups teetered and tottered after that Great Winnowing, and and it was easier for groups to perish if they had held only a handful of member species during the Age of Man - the Aardvark, for example, and the Monotremes. Other groups had been pushed to the edge by humans, and they simply did not survive the Cnidariacene. Some, such as the Ratites, went out flamboyantly; others, such as the Cetaceans, did not. Thus far, my goal is to focus on the second era following the Winnowing, with visits to the first era here and there. Contents by Era: The Winnowing -See Below Cnidariacene -The Last Whale - The Last Whale - The Last Lingering Penguin - The Last Lingering Penguin -Blind Sharks & their Tangles - Blind Sharks and their Tangles -The Last Ratite & The Three Major Cats - Ratite and cats -The Last Crocodilians - Last Crocodilians -The jellyfish of the land: arid beaches - arid beaches -Sharks & the ocean bottoms - Sharks and the Ocean bottoms - Mesoamerican Island Bees - Island Bees - Australia's Seawoods - Seawoods - Hawaii's Top Predator - the Vladpsychosis food chain - Australia's interior - Kangaroos, Oasis Mice, Cats, and Quolls - in the Arctic: Tunnel Bees and their foes - Tunnel Bees ?era - North American Riverlungers - Riverlungers The Littoriocene (yes, the Littorial Age} -Gigagnathid birds - Gigagnathids -Velvet Worms - Velvet Worms -Conquests of the Sea - Sea Cats - what the Turtles became: the Turtlefluke and Flapshells - Turtleflukes - Antelopes 2 - Sahara Giants Habitats: - South American Dryforest - Dryforest - Fynbos, part 1 - Part One Interactions - Grappler vs Bear (amazon dryforest) What do I imagine would happen within thirty million years of the end of the Littoriocene? -small-scale mass extinctions, wiping out many of the genera which had made themselves comfortable in the heat of these two after-human eras. -Like the Tethys before it, the Atlantic would begin to close. -The return of tropical rainforests. -The Horn of Africa breaks off. (I want to say it runs aground into Australia, and they form a new land with India - whether or not India is still part of Asia: Gondwana's Revenge!)  - Africa and Europe unite. The Extinct List: {those with a (?) are unsure at the present time, for one reason or another, but leaning towards total extinction} *of the Birds: -Ratites -Parrots -Penguins - *of the Reptiles: -Tuatara -Sea Turtles - *of the Mammals: -Monotrema -Marsupial Moles -Microbiotheriidae -Koalas -Atlantogenata: ---Xenarthra -Perisodactyla -Pholidota -Pinnapeds -Primates -Pigs Author's Note: I believe the phrase is "kill your darlings." Well, I've just wiped out almost all my favorite animals; time to evolve some new ones. Edited by Rodlox, Nov 27 2016, 03:21 AM.
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.---------------------------------------------. Parts of the Cluster Worlds: "Marsupialless Australia" (what-if) & "Out on a Branch" (future evolution) & "The Earth under a still sun" (WIP) | |
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| Rodlox | Aug 11 2016, 01:34 AM Post #2 |
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Superhuman
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In the wake of the extinction of the whales, the oceans did not sit idly by, passively awaiting a new backboned occupant of the oceanic filter-feeding niches. But during the Intermission of those niches, while the Sea Dholes were swimming with all the speed their jellyfish ancestry allowed them, the skies became home to the largest planktonivorous backboned animal: the Sea Sifter. Resembling the long-extinct Pelagornis, these false-toothed birds are the largest and longest-wingspanning - but not the heaviest - members of the Gigagnathid clade. But unlike Pelagornis, the Sifter's serrated beak did not arise from the smooth beaks of fish-eaters. For you see, with the extinction of the Sea Turtles, there was a sizeable gap in the ranks of creatures which specialized to eat jellyfish. There was Mero(sp) of course, and jellyfish and siphonophores alike were well-placed to slide into the niches of jellyfish-eaters during the Cnidariacene. But they weren't alone, particularly during the mid- For, the Gigagnathids evolved broad beaks with raised sides (particularly in the lower jaw) and a flat or flattish front to the lower jaw's beak (a few were flat in both jaws there), to best scoop up jellyfish of appropriate size. Sifters simply lowered parts of their raised sides, producing serrations of their own. When a school of plankton is sighted, Sifters will swoop down, dip their beak in the water, and promptly lift when they feel a sufficient weight - and they swallow that mouthful of food while circling around for another go at the plankton shoal. What keeps the plankton from simply ducking lower in the water? For the most part, Sea Dholes and Shiny Tarpons, the lords of the subsurface ocean. Below that, is still the domain where Sea Dholes and their slower cousins retain their reign...though even here, in some seas, they are slowly losing their grip on power. Note: Sea Dholes evolved from ancestors such as the Sea Wasp and other Box Jellyfish of Australian coasts, among the fastest of the jellyfish in the Age of Man. Note2: Shiny Tarpons are not related to the Tarpons of the Age of Man; they simply look quite like those gamefish. Edited by Rodlox, Nov 23 2016, 03:08 AM.
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.---------------------------------------------. Parts of the Cluster Worlds: "Marsupialless Australia" (what-if) & "Out on a Branch" (future evolution) & "The Earth under a still sun" (WIP) | |
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| Dapper Man | Aug 11 2016, 02:08 AM Post #3 |
* I am fed up with dis wuurld *
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Very interesting stuff. Can't wait to see more, and also love the Gigagnathids. |
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Speculative Evolution: Manitou; The Needle in the Haystack. | |
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| Rodlox | Aug 11 2016, 02:16 AM Post #4 |
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Superhuman
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thank you. am binge-watching (not quite marathoning) Attenborough's The Hunt series, and drawing inspiration from that. (though i admit, pterosauraso(sp) of Dinosaur Train swooped in to help) any suggestions/ideas what clades I can/should finish off in the Winnowing? |
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.---------------------------------------------. Parts of the Cluster Worlds: "Marsupialless Australia" (what-if) & "Out on a Branch" (future evolution) & "The Earth under a still sun" (WIP) | |
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| Dapper Man | Aug 11 2016, 02:19 AM Post #5 |
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* I am fed up with dis wuurld *
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Maybe some Ratites? Those are always nice. |
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Speculative Evolution: Manitou; The Needle in the Haystack. | |
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| Rodlox | Aug 11 2016, 02:34 AM Post #6 |
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Superhuman
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Ratites are next up; thank you. .-------------------------------------------------------. With the passing of humankind, they were almost followed into extinction by the sharks...which would have marked the end of a very long-lived clade. And while nothing lasts forever, even cladistically, the sharks suffered many mortal wounds - the openwater sharks perished, as did most of the coastal and deepsea sharks. But, some of those deepwater sharks made what in evolutionary terms may turn out to be a faustian bargain - they threw their lot in with the rising new masters of the world's warm and hot oceans: the jellyfish. But not the box jellyfish which were experimenting with things like speed and reflexes. Oh no, the sharks were evolving a commensial relationship with the Lion's Mane type of jellyfish, a group which would come to rely increasingly upon the Blind Sharks for defense, as the sharks became more and more eel-shaped, now that they had a convenient resting place in the tentacles of the jellyfish that was feeding them scraps from its figurative table. This does not mean the end of the stinging cells of those symbiotic jellyfish; it means they could be used primarily for the purpose of aprehending prey such as fish. (I have this mental image of a box jelly that evolved to hunt blind sharks, while trying not to get nabbed by the symbiotic jelly) None of the Tangles are small enough (except in the larval state) to provide food for members of the Gigagnathids, thus conflict between those seabirds and the sharks are restricted to the shallow sea shores of tropical islands, where the bigger (and oft flightless) Gigagnathids will try their luck in feasting upon the partners. (eat in tidepools? try flipping onto shore? to be determined) With the end of the Cnidaracene, the range of this symbiotic partnership has shrunk mildly, more hurt by new rivals in the waters, than by any slow cooling of the planet's waters. |
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.---------------------------------------------. Parts of the Cluster Worlds: "Marsupialless Australia" (what-if) & "Out on a Branch" (future evolution) & "The Earth under a still sun" (WIP) | |
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| Beetleboy | Aug 11 2016, 04:10 AM Post #7 |
neither lizard nor boy nor beetle . . . but a little of all three
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Loving this so far. |
| ~ The Age of Forests ~ | |
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| Rodlox | Aug 11 2016, 01:29 PM Post #8 |
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Superhuman
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In the Americas, the Tinamous were the last species of Ratite to exist on the face of the Earth. More specifically, the Reflective Tinamou, which should not be taken as a hint of great brainpower. Native to the high Andean scrubmeadows, with much of their population centered in the Atacama, their ancestors found a refuge there in the early Cnidaracene, with the extinction of the Atacama's native cat. But then came the pumas in good time. Blessed with fine iridescent feathers for mate selection, Reflectives will face off against the threat (usually a puma, though Waterthiefs are not unheard of) with a pose reminding observers of the long-extinct Ostrich, with its scrappy wings flared out to either side. But this is the sleeve - and Reflectives have a trick up their sleeve: they use their iridescent wings to strike light into the eyes of their threats...blindings are rare; the entire point is to discourage the threat from continuing to bother them, and to encourage the threat to go elsewhere for food. Compared with the strikingness of the rest of their feathers, the uninspired drabness of their feathered crest (termed "a splat of feathers" by some) is garish in its contrast - which may be entirely the point, as individuals without an adequate contrast of crest and body feathers, don't get a chance to mate - no matter how brilliantly good their iridescence alone is. While the pumas of South America have largely retained their ancestral opportunism in regards to prey and habitat, their kinfolk in North America have, by the mid-Cnidaracene, begun to split into two distinct species which will, assuming both survive, will swiftly become their own genera: the robust Grapplers and the gracile Cheetahmimids. I call them Cheetahmimids because "New Cheetahs" sounds awkward. But either way, that is what they are - they are the pumas' attempts to once again produce a cheetah. Only this time, without pronghorn in the open spaces of North America, the cheetahmimids have honed their speed by pursuing increasingly swift species of deer, which have themselves become honed against the cheetahmimids. The Grapplers are confounding, however. Focusing on increased muscularity at the expense of any speed, they look like the stockier specimens of sabertoothed cats...only without the enlarged teeth which had earned those bygone cats their common names. But their hunting strategy is the same: ambush their prey and pin it to the ground, and then go for the throat or other exposed spot. This is, admittedly, very difficult in the open aridnesses which dominated much of North and Central Americas during the Cnidaracene; thus restricting them to the peripheral woods nearer the coasts and in the low mountains and near the waterways. {Grapplers are astonishingly good swimmers, and may potentially become either cetacean-level aquatics or pinnaped-level aquatics} The other two Major Cats are the leaping cats of Africa: the Serval and the Caracal. While the Leopard only just scraped through into the Cnidaracene in the wetter habitats of the continent, and the Lions joined their feline brethren in the halls of Vallhalla (yes, cat joke), the leaping cats were the ones who shouldered the weight of that inheritance {though sociability was inherited by the Honey Badgers, not the cats this time}, and as their bodies began to grow larger, neither leaping cat lost the ability for prodigious jumps. By the time they reached the size pumas had in the Age of Man, the leaping cats were more capable than the pumas had been, and pumas had never been slouches in that regard. There are, granted, differences in the jumping: the leaps of the serval descendants tend to be more stotting, while caracal descendants with their sturdy cheetah-like counterbalancing tails give the impression that they could easily take up kangaroo-style locomotion if the need arise. |
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.---------------------------------------------. Parts of the Cluster Worlds: "Marsupialless Australia" (what-if) & "Out on a Branch" (future evolution) & "The Earth under a still sun" (WIP) | |
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| Sayornis | Aug 11 2016, 01:42 PM Post #9 |
Neotenous
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Cool creatures; I particularly love the display/defense mechanism of the Reflective Tinamou. |
The Library is open. (Now under new management!)
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| GlarnBoudin | Aug 11 2016, 03:52 PM Post #10 |
Disgusting Skin Fetishist
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The Grapplers sound particularly promising. |
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Quotes Spoiler: click to toggle Co-creator/corporate minion for the Pop Culture Monster Apocalypse! My Projects Spoiler: click to toggle Coming Soon Spoiler: click to toggle My dA page. My Fanfiction.net page. | |
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| Rodlox | Aug 11 2016, 03:56 PM Post #11 |
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Superhuman
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The last of the Crocodilians: (completed) Surviving humans was hard enough. But between the stingingness (not stingy as in Scrooge in teh holiday tale) of the predominant sea fauna, and a heat that provided severe difficulty for any animal that used temperature to determine what its kids would be like, the long-established Crocodilia very nearly met their end at the hands of the Cnidaracene. The Gharials perished, as did the Caimans of South America. North America's Alligators lingered in the Cnidaracene in relictual coastal forests along the Gulf of Mexico and up the Eastern Seaboard (one of the few benefits of the risen temperature), splitting into three species: Alligator gracilgnathis, took to specializing in the tiny fish of this period, along with the occasional lightly-armored shrimps. But, unlike their Gharial uncles, they couldn't have very long jaws, as that increased the risk of accidentally getting a mouthful of tentacles alongside their fishy food; so they developed narrow and fairly short jaws. Aside from their skulls, they were little different from their sibling species, Alligator robustgnathis (parent species of Alligator placodontis of the Littoriocene), who specialized in eating turtles and the better-armored molluscs and shrimps. But it was their third sibling, Alligator methuselah that kept to the old diet of "eat what falls down dead in front of me, and anything i can catch as well" - a traditionalism that earmarked its species name for it. The increased heat tore the Mugger Crocodiles' populations apart into isolated populations. Some fled to the higher elevations, where the waters and mud were still comfortable, though marking them as highly vulnerable as any alpine species would be in any epoch; these high-elevation Muggers grew smaller, and most retained their ancestral Mugger habit of social napping - gathering together in large numbers to sleep in burrows, caves, anywhere cool and ideally dark {some of the high-elevation Mugger populations lost that habit, which makes these unsocial nappers even more at risk of extinction} The Muggers which weren't pushed upriver to the mountains, they moved to the coasts, and at first making a living on the deep-water fishes that came to the surface - past the gamut of jellyfishes - these became the Sea Muggers as they became increasingly aquatic in order to feed in deeper and deeper waters. But even the Sea Muggers need land to nap on and lay their eggs in; with clawed flippers by the end of the Cnidaracene, Sea Muggers would haul themselves ashore to rest there (particularly large individuals would let the tide do the work), sleeping and nesting in what could only be described as a colony. And, like the penguins of old, there seems to be little snapping at each other over food on land at the napping and nesting sites, as everyone has to trek the same distance to get to the food. (however, if any land animals are foolhardy enough to charge into either a napping site or a nesting site...well, these fish-eaters won't turn down a stupid lunch* ) It is unlikely that the Chinese Alligator survived, but if it did, it likely did so by venturing up further into the mountains and in deeper burrows. The Freshies of Australia are of unknown status at the present time; its likely they died out, though there are rumors that they have taken up a burrowing/sand-swimming existance. Or perhaps they dug themselves burrows like a cross between Muggers and lungfish, to wait increasingly long periods for the next rain...and eventually, the next rain never came, or it came too too too late. The False Gharial didn't even survive into the Cnidaracene. And then we come to the Salties of the Indo-Pacific, but mostly Oceania-Pacific. These crocs, having recovered from people, nearly died off from the torrid heat of the Cnidaracene. But they squeezed through, and in the process, weakened their jaws, as they began to evolve the mouth features of Pancake Croc and Stomatasuchus. However, unlike the narrow-jawed alligators also of the Cnidaracene (see above) and the extinct Gharial of the preceeding era, these new flat-headed Salties were not eating fish or shrimp, but jellyfish - thus, like the bygone sea turtles, they also had to pick up a few protective features to stop the inside of their mouths going numb or worse. But the lineage survived in the Indo-Pacific becaue of their ability to swim far and wide. And thus far, in the late Cnidaracene, flat-mouthed crocs aren't dispersal-friendly; hence one naturalist's calling them "a ring pecies whose ring got all smushed up." 2/3rds of the hatchlings of each nest will look (entirely or mostly) like their mother's phenotype: ancestral-looking or flat-headed. While the ancestral-looking ones prefer a diet of birds and land-crawlers over a diet of jellyfish...their jaws may be stronger than the flat-headed ones, but would fail miserably if placed in a power competition with the ancestral Salties. Each nest - at least in Australia - is actually a lot of individual burrows which are guarded by the hole-digging species (its not a croc) by dint of being in the digger's territory. As of the time of writing this, the diggers will probably be either a rabbit or a bat; either way, the males of the species dig the burrows in the hopes of it being approved by a potential mate...and the more burrows, the better the odds that at least one will be deemed suitable; so if a few get a croc egg dropped down it, the odds are quite very low that the burrower will have a problem. In the Littoriacene, the flat-headed crocs get better at ocean swimming, and they become their own species. (could they? or is the species stuck with two phenotypes?) * = the Dare Bird is very hard to study most of the year; almost everything that is thus far known about it, comes from observations made by observers of Sea Muggers - and generally boil down to "that bird's racing into the napping site grounds, and then running back into the drywoods. i suppose its no more lethal than a peacock's tail, but geez, what's the Latin for suicidal bird?" (tbc) Edited by Rodlox, Aug 11 2016, 10:18 PM.
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| Rodlox | Aug 11 2016, 10:35 PM Post #12 |
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Superhuman
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The crocodile post has been edited & completed. But, in addition: With a total of five votes, making for 83.3% of the vote, the Yes Vote has won the day, defeating the Yes Vote, which was awarded but a single vote. 5 - Hyraxes and Segnis live to radiate another day. 1 - Hyraxes are the lone survivors of Afrotheria. Thank you, everyone for your encouraging feedback and positive comments. |
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| Rodlox | Aug 11 2016, 11:01 PM Post #13 |
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Superhuman
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South American Dryforest The tropical rainforests of the world hobbled through the last days of the Age of Man, only to get heatstroke during the Cnidaracene. Some mutated into the dryforests of the Cnidaracene and Littoriacene, while other rainforests simply broke apart, their lands to be claimed by other enviroments. Where once there had been rainforest in the central Amazon and in the western Amazon where it climbed up the Andes, now there was dryforest there. And it is in the dryforest where three predatory titans will meet. First, the bear. The Spectacled Bear grew its fur longer but with more space between each hair, to facilitate cooling. More and more, these shaggy bears have been coming into conflict with the jaguars in the lower-elevationed parts of the Andes and the higher reaches of the South American dryforest, which the bears have been slowly expanding into, mostly at night and dark&dusk. Second, the traditional cat. The Jaguar has been tossed this way and that by all the habitat changes in the wake of humans going bye-bye. For one thing, the branches of the dryforest may support a climbing cat like a margay, but not one with the heft and muscle of a jaguar. And now the jaguars have to face stiff competition from not only the old bears of the mountains, but also the new cats of the northern riverways. Third, the modern cat. The Grapplers have been slowly expanding their range, riverbed by riverbed, hindered by broad arid expanses and the more dangerous cenotes. But they are progressing well, and it has brought them up against the jaguars. In a fight, a Grappler can win with sheer muscle power, but is disadvantaged in things like speed and most forms of agility (a Grappler can pivot wonderfully...its performing a U-turn that's not very graceful) Thoughts? I imagine the Shaggy Bears will absolutely love the Rocky Mountains, if they can get that far. And while the dryforest will be a nightmare for Grapplers trying to navigate, it offers the compensation of being rich in ambush positions. |
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.---------------------------------------------. Parts of the Cluster Worlds: "Marsupialless Australia" (what-if) & "Out on a Branch" (future evolution) & "The Earth under a still sun" (WIP) | |
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| Rodlox | Aug 12 2016, 01:30 AM Post #14 |
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Superhuman
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Thank you; I agree. And further thought on the Grapplers, prompted this: The Littoriocene's Conquest Of The Sea As the Early Littoriocene progressed, Grapplers on the western coast of North America began turning their attentions towards the Mock Groupers and other large fishes which used the coastal estuaries and river mouths as shelter from the dangers of the open sea. For a species as good at slllllllow movement and long pauses between those movements as the Grapplers, this was practically manna from all the heavens. This marked the dawn of Puma robustus maritimus, after the Polar Bear of bygone times, an exemplar these westcoast Grapplers echoed with increasingly broad forepaws. Their nostrils, already able to close themselves to keep out dust and dirt from downed and struggling prey, needed little improvement to remain closed underwater, permitting P.r.maritimus to engage in ambushes even with its head submerged - at first for the final lunge and little more than that, and eventually more and more. By the Mid-Littoriocene, Puma maritimus was in existance, spreading up and down the western coast, but keeping close by - venturing no farther than the Island of California {Alta California and the lower tip of California state, which had broken from the mainland in the Late Cnidaracene} only a few miles offshore. A few subspecies had arisen by the End-Littoriocene which were not quite so musclebound as P.maritimus, and thus looked more like the extinct polar bear. On the eastern coast of North America, which had once been the home of River Otters and Sea Minks, now it was the skunks who had taken to the waters; they had begun the process at some point during the Cnidaracene, though they remained so conservative of form that their fossils tell frustratingly little until the advent of the Greater Quicksilvers at the dawn of the Littoriocene, at which point they are as aquatic as the bygone walrus. In fact, it was the rise of the Quicksilvers in temperate eastern North America at the same time as the Sea Flags in polar Britain, that gave this era its name. Unlike the horizontally-broad Sea Flags, a Quicksilver is as bullet-shaped as the otters it was once thought skunks were close relatives of. Unlike the otters, Quicksilvers are less reliant on a thick coat of fur; asssuming some theories are correct, and the Lesser Quicksilver is truly representative of what the clade was once like - as opposed to being an abberant unlike both its extant and extinct kin - with Lesser Quicksilvers being shrew-like in possessing a constant need to feed...not a bad thing in an age wherein thick fur coats and blubber were dangerous heat traps. But, as the theories go, as the globe cooled in the Littoriocene, Quicksilver species began putting on the blubber as their paws became more and more flippery. But unlike the bygone Pinnapeds, the Quicksilvers retained their tails; unlike the bygone Cetaceans, the Quicksilvers retained all four limbs. Always coming ashore to breed, give birth, and nurse, the Quicksilvers had by the end of the Littoriocene produced a handful of species which could breed and do the later stages of nursing in the shallows, even if the birth itself still needed land. As for the badger-descended Sea Flags, named for their coloration, I'm not sure I could do credit to the strategy they opted for, in feeding from the sea. |
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.---------------------------------------------. Parts of the Cluster Worlds: "Marsupialless Australia" (what-if) & "Out on a Branch" (future evolution) & "The Earth under a still sun" (WIP) | |
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| Rodlox | Aug 12 2016, 03:29 AM Post #15 |
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Superhuman
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I couldn't bring myself to wipe out the Velvet Worms... When there is a heat wave, the smart thing to do is to move into an air-conditioned building. This is exactly what three species of Velvet Worm have done. In Africa, one species has taken up residence in termite mounds, feeding principally on other invertabrates which live undetected by the termites (such creatures also exist now; they may or may not be the same now as then). One of South America's species of Velvet Worms lives in the burrows and warrens of leafcutter ants, one of the few species little disturbed by the end of the rainforest and the rise of the dryforest. The third species has used its silk to fashion a chamber for it to live within, and also in that chamber is an Army Ant queen, whose troops labor to keep the chamber cool. The Velvet Worm feeds on the queen's eggs (not all of them) and on the meals brought by the soldiers to the queen (again, not all of them). |
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.---------------------------------------------. Parts of the Cluster Worlds: "Marsupialless Australia" (what-if) & "Out on a Branch" (future evolution) & "The Earth under a still sun" (WIP) | |
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11:59 AM Jul 13