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| The Biocene 2.0; Ten million years from now | |
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| Topic Started: Mar 17 2016, 06:43 PM (6,297 Views) | |
| number8192 | Mar 17 2016, 06:43 PM Post #1 |
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The biocene Global warming did us in, the sixth mass extinction(Really eight if we consider the End Botomian and Dresbachian ones.), desertified the planet's surface, and the oceans were deoxygenated, polluted, and filled with hydrogen sulfide. The rise in temperature, predicted to melt the east antarctic ice sheet by 10 000 years in the future, made the equatorial zone and northern hemisphere basically unlivable, due to the heat moving to, and largely coming from,the north. In the absence of humans, nuclear powerplants went into meltdown. Ocean currents caused radiations to move mostly upwards, making the northern hemisphere a heavily radioactive wasteland. The Yellowstone Supervolcano made North America almost entirely devoid of life. The last days of mankind were spent battling over the last resources, taking out most of all megafauna and freshwater. Scientists and some selected survivors ended up migrating to the subantarctican islands and antarctica, trying to come up with new inventions that could potentially save them,but lack of resources and infrastructure, ultimately, did them in. With a mostly desertified planet where the coast is toxic with hydrogen sulfide, Most of survivors were small xerocoles and generalists. The list of surviving tetrapods(Invertebrates, fungi, fishes, plants and so on are for the majority basically unkillable, evolve faster than tetrapods, and our knowledge on them is lagging behind, so they will not be the focus here, we don't know 90% of the oceans, after all.)had to migrate to Argentina/Chile, South Africa, Australia, Subantarctican islands and Antarctica to survive, with the latter two being only accessible to birds and bats. The list is as follows: Amphibia: Anura(Frogs from the Peruvian desert, African deserts and the Australian desert show frogs can be good xerocoles.) Reptilia: Testudines(Snake necked turtles and crocodile turtle only.) Squamata(Basically unkillable, even the varanoids.) Crocodylia(Dwarf caiman only due to living in semi arid climates, being more terrestrial and nocturnal than other crocodiles, and being small.) Aves: Passeriformes(Basically unkillable, especially crows.) Coliiformes(Adapted to at least the Kalahari desert.) Apodiformes(Swifts and some hummingbirds(Adapted to the Peruvian desert.)will survive.) Musophagiformes(Mostly go away birds and plantain eaters, especially Criniferoides leucogaster.) Caprimulgiformes(A few in south america, africa and australia.) Cuculiformes(Quite a few, genus chalcites especially.) Piciformes(Basically unkillable) Falconiformes(Basically unkillable,both falcons and a few caracaras.) Pelecaniformes(Basically unkillable, ardeidae especially, threskiornitidae as well and the hamerkop.) Otidiformes(A few in africa only.) Charadriiformes(Basically unkillable.) Trogoniformes(Narina trogon only.) Coraciiformes(Bee eaters especially.) Accipitriformes(Basically unkillable.) Gruiformes(Rails only.) Galliformes(Quails especially.) Tinamiformes(Nothuras only.) Podicipediformes(A few in south america, africa and australia.) Cathartiformes(Turkey vulture and black vulture only.) Psittaciformes(Only Australian ones.) Columbiformes(Basically unkillable.) Anseriformes(Basically unkillable.) Phoenicopteriformes(Greater flamingo only.) Strigiformes(Basically unkillable.) Bucerotiformes(A few, african grey hornbill and red billed hornbill most notably.) Pteroclidiformes(Basically unkillable(Nearly all of them.).) Suliformes(Anhinga novaehollandiae and a few cormorants.) Ciconiiformes(African woollyneck and Black stork only.) Aegotheliformes(Australian owlet nightjar only.) Podargiformes(Tawny frogmouth only.) Cariamiformes(All.) Mammalia: Chiroptera(Basically unkillable, though not the fruit eating ones.) Cingulata(Hairy armadillos only.) Macroscelidea(Quite a few.) Dasyuromorphia(Planigales especially.) Carnivora(Basically unkillable, families herpestidae and mustelidae especially, but also some smaller cats, foxes, gennets and some south american skunks.) Monotremata(Short beaked echidna only.) Notoryctemorphia(All.) Primata(Lesser galagos only.) Rodentia(Basically unkillable.) Eulipotyphla(Hedgehogs and shrews(Crocidura only.) in Africa only.) Hyracoidea(Rock hyrax and Bush hyrax only.) Artiodactyla(Dik diks only.) Diprotodontia(Sugar glider only(Sugar gliders can tolerate temperatures up to 40 °C, are omnivorous, and can live in heavily degraded forests.).) Didelphimorphia(A few, Didelphis marsupialis and Didelphis pernigra especially.) Lagomorpha(African hares, plus the european rabbit(in Australia only.).) As the Ice age in 50 000 years emerged, the temperature cooled down to a more acceptable level. Birds and bats flew back to the main continents, mixing up the bird and bat distribution of every continents. 10 millions years in the future, the dominant orders ended up being Squamata(Mostly in the oceans.), Passeriformes(Outcompeting nearly everyone with their intelligence. A bit like we used to.), Rodentia(Filling most grazing roles, but also some aquatic ones with the rakali.)and Carnivora(Taking over most of their former niches.). The future geological shape of the continents has the Americas separated from each other, Europe and Africa colliding, creating a huge desert where the mediterranean sea used to be, the eastern part of Africa separating into its own island, and a huge desert stretching across the sahara, middle east, ex urss, india and mongolia.By that time, rust, erosion, rot and storms, among others, will have reduced our constructions to little more than sediment layers filled with rust, styrofoam, and plutonium among other materials, leaving no trace of our civilisation. The Megafauna is as follows: Sapient octopus:A social octopus that solved the reproductive problem of octopi(For the females, at least.)by having young octopi bring food to materning females, avoiding hunger. This social ability greatly increases their lifespans, but also their intellectual progression with age(Evolving human like intelligence by the time of the biocene.)and the appearance of culture as well. In very little time, they conquer the oceans as humans did the surface before.These are matriarchal animals as their lifestyle only helps the female's lifespan, leaving males to live the same way octopi do today, without culture, and interacting with females only for breeding. They look no different than the giant octopi today. Greater madoqua:Descendant of salt's dik dik, this animal looks like an indricotherium, but no taller than asian elephants, and has the caracteristic even toes of artiodactyla(As well as the fur of it's ancestor.). It is weaker and lighter than an asian elephant, but stronger and heavier than a giraffe. It lost it's horns to time and has a nose resembling indricotherium's own, due to salt's dik dik already having a similar nose. It has thin fur over it's body, much like it's ancestor, and fills the role sauropods, elephants and giraffes used to play before. Pantherinoid:Descendants of domestic cats, These heavily built cats replace the niche of smilodons, and completely dominate the arctic as apex predators. Their shape is similar to a smilodon's, but with tiger like canines and much bigger and stronger molars for bone crushing. They fear no one in the arctic and rivalise with other apex predators elsewhere. Great rakali:Descendants of the rakali, these beaver like rodents replace the role of seals and otters before them. These animals, though entirely carnivorous, are little more than prey for the megalodonoids and pteronuroids, but dominate arctic and antarctic oceans nonetheless with pteronuroids. Their sizes are similar to the seals before them, and they look like giant beavers with more webbings on their hands and feets. Hydrochoeroid:These hippo sized rodents resemble josephoartigasia monesi, but with bigger molars more adapted for grazing. They descend from various groundhog like rodents all around the world and overtook grazing niches like artiodactyla before them, with greater madoqua being the only other notable megafaunal grazer. They use their incisors for defense the same way a hippo would with it's tusks, and can deliver a powerful bite. Greater notomys:Descendants of hopping mices(Tarkawara, more precisely.), these fill the niche macropodidae leaves behind, and largely look like them. Just like hydrochoeroid, they fill the grazer niches were they live. They use their hands to use simple tools. Purussauroid:Descendants of the dwarf caiman, these purussaurus like caimans are 10 m long and are the biggest tetrapodal animals of their time. Sharing the armored underbelly of their ancestors, these crocodylians dominate the Americas and surrounding seas. Megalanoid:The lack of crocodiles left varanoids to fill their old niche outside the new world. Reaching no longer than 7 m, these semi aquatic megalania look alikes lack the powerful bites of crocodylians, but have a venom that makes up for it. They are considerably more social than their ancestors, as well as more intelligent(Especially descendants of rock monitors.).Some megalanoids develop more webbings on their hands and feets than others, and are slowly developping ovoviviparity over time, foreshadowing their eventual evolution into the mosasauroid(A mosasaur like lizard.).But for now, sharks dominate the oceans unopposed. Phorusrhacidoid:Descendants of many birds around the world(Like seriemas, caracaras, ibises, bustards, hornbills, flamingos and storks.)adopted large, flightless forms not unlike phorusrhacidae, due to the lack of predators compared to before(A phenomenon seen on many island birds today.). These are descended from ravens, and the top endurace hunters of their time. Unlike terror birds, phorusrhacidoids have smaller, thicker beaks, shorter necks, opposable thumbs on their feets, bigger brains and are no taller than 1.80 m. Their superior intellect allowed them to outcompete similar birds who could have otherwise filled the niche where they are. With working opposable thumbs on their feets, complex language, tool use, tribal organisation, incredible intelligence, endurance hunting, bipedality and sight and hearing as their primary senses, the future looks incredibly promising for these birds. Dark raven:These 5 m long in wingspan ravens are completely black in color except for their red eyes.These nocturnal, intelligent birds are both predator and scavenger, and use their feathers as camouflage in the night sky. Giant hyrax:Just like artiodactyla, perissodactyla, diprotodontia and proboscidea share the megafaunal grazing niches today,so will the candidates for top grazers in the future. The giant hyrax is a sheep sized hyrax and occupies mountaintops hydrochoeroid rarely frequent. Creodontoid:Pale fox, fennec fox and ruppel's fox are the last remaining canidaes in the world after the holocene's extinction. Their descendant is shaped like a dire wolf with a pitbull's stout physique as well as a bigger snout. Creodontoids fill most of the former carnivoran niches. Giant spiny mouse:With porcupines dead, mices of the genus acomys(Or spiny mices.)were free to fill the niche unopposed. They are sheep sized porcupine like rodents with scaly tails and shorter quills. They are nocturnal to avoid phorusrhacidoids, and are virtually unopposed by any other predatorial animals thanks to their protection, not unlike today's giant porcupine in Africa. Titanophis:An almost entirely aquatic snake, titanophis is 10 m long(2.8 m less than titanoboa.)and goes only on land to lay eggs and occasionally snatch prey.It is slowly becoming ovoviviparous in response to it's environment, not unlike sea snakes, but 10 million years isn't long enough for the change. Giant jerboa:Kangaroo like descendants of lesser egyptian jerboas, these jerboas fill the role of gazels in savannahs, and small camels in the desert, being lighter of foot than the hydrochoeroid, and not as energivore. They are smaller than greater notomys, as well as having bigger ears and eyes. Chelodinoid:These 3m long turtles with snake like necks hide in the earth underwater, snatching any prey over them by unearthing their head and attacking with a snake like motion to bite their prey, which they bring under the ground afterward. They are descended from chelodina, a genus of snake necked turtles from australia who are fully xerocole(In at least 3 cases.)and look like bigger versions of them. Pteronuroid:Descendants of the long tailed weasel, the least weasel and the egyptian weasel proved adapted to the water and took to it a bit like otters before them. These dominate the polar areas as leopard seals and polar bears did before them. Despite convergent evolution with otters, these are solitary animals except for the females with they're kids. Equatorial zones are inhabited too, causing fierce rivalries with megalanoids and titanophises. Thanks to lack of competition in either poles, and unlike otters, pteronuroids are able to measure 3.m long and look like relatively elongated sarkastodons with slightly bigger tails. Of the two, great rakalis evolved first, as rakalis are more aquatic than weasels, resulting in the descendants of rakalis reaching bigger sizes before pteronuroids could compete with them. Sapient crows:Even more intelligent than phorusrhacidoids and dark ravens, these crows have reached human intelligence. As big as eagles, these crows make elaborate nests as complex as Paleolithic huts for their eggs, and make fires during the winter. Megalodonoid:14 m long shark. In the absence of any competition(At least from tetrapods outside titanophis.),this shark rules the oceans as dunkleosteus terrelli(Among many others.)did before, with even sapient octopi avoiding them. Giant galago:With no monkeys, galagos were left to take over the arboreal monkey niche unopposed, growing in size in the process. Unlike monkeys, galagos could venture on the ground like kangaroos, making them less vulnerable to deforestation. Their hands could be used for more complex tool use than greater notomys and giant jerboas. Neoparrot:Descended from Australian parrots, These eagle sized birds developped human intelligence by changing situations demanding them to come up with solutions(A bit like what happened with humans.). Similar to sapient crows, but more terrestrial and live in smaller numbers in comparison. As for the microfauna of the future, it will largely look like the survivors of the extinction themselves. The extinction will have largely affected their evolution as such: More terrestrial habits for climbing animals(Gennets, sugar gliders, galagos, etc...) and swimming animals(Frogs, turtles, crocodiles, etc...). Smaller sizes than was available during the holocene(Flamingos, crocodiles, storks, etc...). More omnivorous habits for fruit eating animals(Turacos, galagos, parrots, etc...). Less dependence on aquatic animals(Pelecaniformes, podicipediformes, suliformes, etc...). As for land invertebrates, more or less the same rules as for the rest of the fauna follows. If it's either a jungle specialist or a freshwater specialist it won't survive the extinction unless it adapts. Mollusks and arthropods have the advantage of small size, at least some resistance to radiations, the fact that overhunting is nothing to them, the fact that some of those directly benefit from pollution, the fact that(At least arthropods.) they tend to evolve faster than tetrapods(Which means even jungle and freshwater specialists have a chance to survive.), the fact that some can survive even within the salt deserts(Brine flies.) or even antarctica as pure terrestrial residents(Belgica antarctica.), domination of the surface(Insects.) as well as the fact that the northern hemisphere would still be inhabitable for them on top of the whole equatorial zone. Ocean life would have to endure anoxic events, like previous mass extinctions(Though it is almost impossible that the extinction will be as bad as the permian.), so anything that can survive that would survive the extinction, like fishes, cnidarians(who are even benefitting of this extinction.), crustaceans and mollusks, amongst many others, did before(Bottom dwellers would have a slightly easier time, but pelagic and coastal animals will be deeply affected, and megafaunas tend not to survive such events, even as bottom dwellers.). Edited by number8192, Jul 8 2017, 07:56 PM.
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| number8192 | Oct 12 2016, 02:30 PM Post #46 |
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The odds were already pretty high anyway, i just wanted a second opinion to make sure.
Edited by number8192, Oct 13 2016, 02:52 AM.
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| number8192 | Jan 2 2017, 10:36 AM Post #47 |
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Any opinions on reptiles dominating the oceans? Apart from sharks and invertebrates, i don't see what could compete with them. Birds and amphibians have no chance of dominating saltwaters(Birds due to being unable of live birth, amphibians due to being incapable of tolerating seawater.), and mammals lost whales, seals, otters, bears, hippos, beavers and swimming monkeys, leaving only rakalis as possible competition and probably some mustelidaes. Reptiles however have chelodina, the dwarf caiman and varanoids and snakes, all of which could take over the oceans, or at least share them with sharks, octopi, squids and cuttlefishes. Opinions? |
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| Beetleboy | Jan 2 2017, 11:38 AM Post #48 |
neither lizard nor boy nor beetle . . . but a little of all three
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Actually, some amphibians can tolerate salt water. The crab-eating frog inhabits mangrove swamps and can survive in brackish water, and can cope with brief dips in sea water. Cane toad tadpoles can apparently tolerate some seawater, and reportedly they've been found surviving salinities of up to 27.5% in Panama. It isn't impossible that some amphibian could become even better adapted to saltwater conditions, perhaps starting out as a brackish mangrove-dweller, gradually making its way out to sea over millenia of adaptation. |
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| number8192 | Jan 2 2017, 12:02 PM Post #49 |
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Thank you beetleboy for this discovery, but i don't think this frog can survive in either deserts or hydrogen sulfide filled waters, so i doubt it will survive. As for saltwater adapted amphibians, i am more or less sure the very first amphibians were exactly that, but that adaptation was lost through time. Even if the crab eating frog was to survive, i doubt it would displace reptiles. |
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| number8192 | Jun 7 2017, 04:08 AM Post #50 |
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I want to know any errors i could have done in my calculations. My main uncertainties are the magnitude of the mass extinction and the survivors. Dragonthunders did a good job, but i feel like my work is not complete, and there are still miscalculations to iron out. Of all the tetrapod orders, these are those that go extinct in my scenario: Caudata/Urodela Gymnophiona/Apoda Rhynchocephalia Afrosoricida Tubulidentata Proboscidea Sirenia Pilosa Scandentia Dermoptera Pholidota Perissodactyla Struthioniformes Rheiformes Casuariiformes Apterygiformes Mesitornithiformes Opisthocomiformes Gaviiformes Procellariiformes Sphenisciformes Eurypygiformes Phaethontiformes Leptosomiformes Steatornithiformes Nyctibiiformes Prominent tetrapods that go extinct as well outside these orders are seals, bears, hyenas, racoons, otters, platypuses, monkeys, whales, most ungulates, moles, macropodidae, auks, gannets, pelicans, boobies, frigatebirds, crocodiles and alligators. Most of the survivors are judged on their conservation status, population trend, size, adaptability to deserts and their chance of reaching the southern hemisphere. The main dangers the survivors will face will be desertification, overhunting, radiations, anoxic events and pollution. The survival of humans could be an interesting subject, too. An enormous factor in what would survive would be just how hard antarctica would be affected by 20 000 years in the future. If antarctica and antarctic waters are in relatively good shape by that time, it would credibilise the survival of procellariiformes, as well as probably many other birds. Edited by number8192, Jun 24 2017, 08:48 PM.
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| IIGSY | Jun 23 2017, 06:18 PM Post #51 |
A huntsman spider that wastes time on the internet because it has nothing better to do
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BONY FISH EXIST YOU KNOW |
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Projects Punga: A terraformed world with no vertebrates Last one crawling: The last arthropod ARTH-6810: A world without vertebrates (It's ded, but you can still read I guess) Potential ideas- Swamp world: A world covered in lakes, with the largest being caspian sized. Nematozoic: After a mass extinction of ultimate proportions, a single species of nematode is the only surviving animal. Tri-devonian: A devonian like ecosystem with holocene species on three different continents. Quotes Phylogeny of the arthropods and some related groups In honor of the greatest clade of all time More pictures Other cool things All African countries can fit into Brazil
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| number8192 | Jun 24 2017, 06:35 AM Post #52 |
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They do, i just don't see them taking over the oceans. |
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| DroidSyber | Jun 24 2017, 06:41 AM Post #53 |
I'll cut ya swear on me mum
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What? Bony Fish have ruled the seas for hundreds of millions of years! |
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| number8192 | Jun 24 2017, 11:29 AM Post #54 |
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Of course! But not as apex predators(Not megafaunal ones like the megalodon or the colossal squid, anyway.).
Edited by number8192, Jun 24 2017, 11:32 AM.
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| Dragonthunders | Jun 24 2017, 11:35 AM Post #55 |
The ethereal archosaur in blue
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I never understand why you always have to point out something alarmingly and then never endorse it with something useful, if you're going to make a comment by mentioning something important or relevant, it has to be useful to the recipient.
They already did and do that, and I dont see your mass extinction would be enough to let them out of the marine ecology.
Same as ammonites, and look now  But seriously, depending of how hard would be a next mass extinction, bone fish could be severely affected in diversity and left out for a while, although there is nothing that prevents them from diversifying again.
That's not really take over the ocean as you implied before, is just taking macropredatory niches which is one part, and giant squids aren't so macropredators, in that sense I would add Xiphactinus which was a huge carnivorous bony fish, and there isn't nothing to stop them to take over more predatory niches in the future. Edited by Dragonthunders, Jun 24 2017, 11:45 AM.
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Projects "Active" projects The Future is Far Welcome to the next chapters of the evolution of life on earth, travel the across the earth on a journey that goes beyond the limits, a billion years of future history in the making. The SE giants project Wonder what is the big of the big on speculative evolution? no problem, here is the answer Coming one day Age of Mankind Humanity fate and its possible finals. The Long Cosmic Journey The history outside our world. The alternative paths The multiverse, the final frontier... Holocene park: Welcome to the biggest adventure of the last 215 million years, where the age of mammals comes to life again! Cambrian mars: An interesting experiment on an unprecedented scale, the life of a particular and important period in the history of our planet, the cambric life, has been transported to a terraformed and habitable mars in an alternative past. Two different paths, two different worlds, but same life and same weirdness. My deviantart | |
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| number8192 | Jun 24 2017, 11:53 AM Post #56 |
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Fishes and invertebrates are for all intents and purposes unkillable. Anything that can survive the end botomian, dresbachian, ordovician, devonian, permian, triassic and cretaceous extinctions can survive what's coming. If we are talking in terms of numbers of individuals within a species and the number of species, invertebrates will more or less always come out on top. By taking over the oceans, i meant in terms of megafaunal apex predators, which the sharks, reptiles and squids with their sizes and the octopuses with their intelligence could overtake more easily than bony fishes. |
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| IIGSY | Jun 24 2017, 02:49 PM Post #57 |
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Just saying "invertebrates and fish are unkillable and therefore not worth mentioning" is dumb. First of all, there is no such thing as "invertebrates". There is annelids, arthropods, mollusks, ect. Same for fish. In fact, many "invertebrate" and "fish" groups did quite poorly in the various mass extinctions, and many even went extinct. By those same merits, I could say "tetrapods are basically unkillable and therefore not worth mentioning". But that would be stupid. Really? Cephalopods? Ray finned fish crush cephalopods when it comes too size. Giant and colossal squid are actually quite slow and lethargic. Plus, what's stopping bony fish from taking the spot? Is it because tetrapods breathe air? Many ray fins breath air, so these could hypothetically produce large apex predators on the scales of marine tetrapods. |
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Projects Punga: A terraformed world with no vertebrates Last one crawling: The last arthropod ARTH-6810: A world without vertebrates (It's ded, but you can still read I guess) Potential ideas- Swamp world: A world covered in lakes, with the largest being caspian sized. Nematozoic: After a mass extinction of ultimate proportions, a single species of nematode is the only surviving animal. Tri-devonian: A devonian like ecosystem with holocene species on three different continents. Quotes Phylogeny of the arthropods and some related groups In honor of the greatest clade of all time More pictures Other cool things All African countries can fit into Brazil
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| number8192 | Jun 24 2017, 05:28 PM Post #58 |
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The fishes and invertebrates that did survive the seven previous extinctions are basically unkillable. The overall survivability of invertebrates and tetrapods are many magnitudes apart. While 97% of basically everything died during the permian extinction, only 50% of bugs died. Plus bugs evolve considerably faster than tetrapods, so predicting their eventual evolution in the future is more overall unpredictable. As for ray finned fishes, the only examples of powerful apex predators i can think of are the placoderms. There could possibly be some descendants swordfishes or catfishes that could fill the role, but in 358 million years since the dunkleosteus terrelli, it never happened. Even when ichthyosaurus and mosasaurus died during the mesozoic, sharks took over with no bony fishes filling the role. If sharks are around, the bony fishes will have a hard time filling the role outside the freshwaters. As for cephalopods, intelligence will play a bigger role than size. When i say invertebrates, i mean really arthropods, mollusks and jellyfishes. Arthropods basically dominate everything outside the oceans, mollusks dominate the oceans, and jellyfishes benefit from our ocean acidification, so i don't see how an extinction less cataclysmic than the permian could do anything big to them. Edited by number8192, Jun 24 2017, 05:39 PM.
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| IIGSY | Jun 24 2017, 05:57 PM Post #59 |
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1. Again there is no such thing as "invertebrates". There is arthropods, echinoderms, mollusks, ect. 2. Placoderms are not ray finned fishes. There is also many giant ray finned fish. 3. There is a lot of big (non shark) fish in the world http://sinammonite.deviantart.com/art/big-fish-season-10-243686862 4. Intelligence does not matter |
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Projects Punga: A terraformed world with no vertebrates Last one crawling: The last arthropod ARTH-6810: A world without vertebrates (It's ded, but you can still read I guess) Potential ideas- Swamp world: A world covered in lakes, with the largest being caspian sized. Nematozoic: After a mass extinction of ultimate proportions, a single species of nematode is the only surviving animal. Tri-devonian: A devonian like ecosystem with holocene species on three different continents. Quotes Phylogeny of the arthropods and some related groups In honor of the greatest clade of all time More pictures Other cool things All African countries can fit into Brazil
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| number8192 | Jun 24 2017, 06:16 PM Post #60 |
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1. Read my edit(Get used to those.). 2. Placoderms are bony fishes(Though i did say ray finned fish, my bad.). 3. I know, i just doubt it would matter(It didn't for 358 millions years, even with leedsichthys around.). 4. It did in our case and in the case of marsupials vs eutherians(Plus sharks are more or less the smartest fishes around.). Edited by number8192, Jun 24 2017, 08:22 PM.
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