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| The Biocene 2.0; Ten million years from now | |
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| Topic Started: Mar 17 2016, 06:43 PM (6,298 Views) | |
| number8192 | Mar 17 2016, 06:43 PM Post #1 |
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The biocene Global warming did us in, the sixth mass extinction(Really eight if we consider the End Botomian and Dresbachian ones.), desertified the planet's surface, and the oceans were deoxygenated, polluted, and filled with hydrogen sulfide. The rise in temperature, predicted to melt the east antarctic ice sheet by 10 000 years in the future, made the equatorial zone and northern hemisphere basically unlivable, due to the heat moving to, and largely coming from,the north. In the absence of humans, nuclear powerplants went into meltdown. Ocean currents caused radiations to move mostly upwards, making the northern hemisphere a heavily radioactive wasteland. The Yellowstone Supervolcano made North America almost entirely devoid of life. The last days of mankind were spent battling over the last resources, taking out most of all megafauna and freshwater. Scientists and some selected survivors ended up migrating to the subantarctican islands and antarctica, trying to come up with new inventions that could potentially save them,but lack of resources and infrastructure, ultimately, did them in. With a mostly desertified planet where the coast is toxic with hydrogen sulfide, Most of survivors were small xerocoles and generalists. The list of surviving tetrapods(Invertebrates, fungi, fishes, plants and so on are for the majority basically unkillable, evolve faster than tetrapods, and our knowledge on them is lagging behind, so they will not be the focus here, we don't know 90% of the oceans, after all.)had to migrate to Argentina/Chile, South Africa, Australia, Subantarctican islands and Antarctica to survive, with the latter two being only accessible to birds and bats. The list is as follows: Amphibia: Anura(Frogs from the Peruvian desert, African deserts and the Australian desert show frogs can be good xerocoles.) Reptilia: Testudines(Snake necked turtles and crocodile turtle only.) Squamata(Basically unkillable, even the varanoids.) Crocodylia(Dwarf caiman only due to living in semi arid climates, being more terrestrial and nocturnal than other crocodiles, and being small.) Aves: Passeriformes(Basically unkillable, especially crows.) Coliiformes(Adapted to at least the Kalahari desert.) Apodiformes(Swifts and some hummingbirds(Adapted to the Peruvian desert.)will survive.) Musophagiformes(Mostly go away birds and plantain eaters, especially Criniferoides leucogaster.) Caprimulgiformes(A few in south america, africa and australia.) Cuculiformes(Quite a few, genus chalcites especially.) Piciformes(Basically unkillable) Falconiformes(Basically unkillable,both falcons and a few caracaras.) Pelecaniformes(Basically unkillable, ardeidae especially, threskiornitidae as well and the hamerkop.) Otidiformes(A few in africa only.) Charadriiformes(Basically unkillable.) Trogoniformes(Narina trogon only.) Coraciiformes(Bee eaters especially.) Accipitriformes(Basically unkillable.) Gruiformes(Rails only.) Galliformes(Quails especially.) Tinamiformes(Nothuras only.) Podicipediformes(A few in south america, africa and australia.) Cathartiformes(Turkey vulture and black vulture only.) Psittaciformes(Only Australian ones.) Columbiformes(Basically unkillable.) Anseriformes(Basically unkillable.) Phoenicopteriformes(Greater flamingo only.) Strigiformes(Basically unkillable.) Bucerotiformes(A few, african grey hornbill and red billed hornbill most notably.) Pteroclidiformes(Basically unkillable(Nearly all of them.).) Suliformes(Anhinga novaehollandiae and a few cormorants.) Ciconiiformes(African woollyneck and Black stork only.) Aegotheliformes(Australian owlet nightjar only.) Podargiformes(Tawny frogmouth only.) Cariamiformes(All.) Mammalia: Chiroptera(Basically unkillable, though not the fruit eating ones.) Cingulata(Hairy armadillos only.) Macroscelidea(Quite a few.) Dasyuromorphia(Planigales especially.) Carnivora(Basically unkillable, families herpestidae and mustelidae especially, but also some smaller cats, foxes, gennets and some south american skunks.) Monotremata(Short beaked echidna only.) Notoryctemorphia(All.) Primata(Lesser galagos only.) Rodentia(Basically unkillable.) Eulipotyphla(Hedgehogs and shrews(Crocidura only.) in Africa only.) Hyracoidea(Rock hyrax and Bush hyrax only.) Artiodactyla(Dik diks only.) Diprotodontia(Sugar glider only(Sugar gliders can tolerate temperatures up to 40 °C, are omnivorous, and can live in heavily degraded forests.).) Didelphimorphia(A few, Didelphis marsupialis and Didelphis pernigra especially.) Lagomorpha(African hares, plus the european rabbit(in Australia only.).) As the Ice age in 50 000 years emerged, the temperature cooled down to a more acceptable level. Birds and bats flew back to the main continents, mixing up the bird and bat distribution of every continents. 10 millions years in the future, the dominant orders ended up being Squamata(Mostly in the oceans.), Passeriformes(Outcompeting nearly everyone with their intelligence. A bit like we used to.), Rodentia(Filling most grazing roles, but also some aquatic ones with the rakali.)and Carnivora(Taking over most of their former niches.). The future geological shape of the continents has the Americas separated from each other, Europe and Africa colliding, creating a huge desert where the mediterranean sea used to be, the eastern part of Africa separating into its own island, and a huge desert stretching across the sahara, middle east, ex urss, india and mongolia.By that time, rust, erosion, rot and storms, among others, will have reduced our constructions to little more than sediment layers filled with rust, styrofoam, and plutonium among other materials, leaving no trace of our civilisation. The Megafauna is as follows: Sapient octopus:A social octopus that solved the reproductive problem of octopi(For the females, at least.)by having young octopi bring food to materning females, avoiding hunger. This social ability greatly increases their lifespans, but also their intellectual progression with age(Evolving human like intelligence by the time of the biocene.)and the appearance of culture as well. In very little time, they conquer the oceans as humans did the surface before.These are matriarchal animals as their lifestyle only helps the female's lifespan, leaving males to live the same way octopi do today, without culture, and interacting with females only for breeding. They look no different than the giant octopi today. Greater madoqua:Descendant of salt's dik dik, this animal looks like an indricotherium, but no taller than asian elephants, and has the caracteristic even toes of artiodactyla(As well as the fur of it's ancestor.). It is weaker and lighter than an asian elephant, but stronger and heavier than a giraffe. It lost it's horns to time and has a nose resembling indricotherium's own, due to salt's dik dik already having a similar nose. It has thin fur over it's body, much like it's ancestor, and fills the role sauropods, elephants and giraffes used to play before. Pantherinoid:Descendants of domestic cats, These heavily built cats replace the niche of smilodons, and completely dominate the arctic as apex predators. Their shape is similar to a smilodon's, but with tiger like canines and much bigger and stronger molars for bone crushing. They fear no one in the arctic and rivalise with other apex predators elsewhere. Great rakali:Descendants of the rakali, these beaver like rodents replace the role of seals and otters before them. These animals, though entirely carnivorous, are little more than prey for the megalodonoids and pteronuroids, but dominate arctic and antarctic oceans nonetheless with pteronuroids. Their sizes are similar to the seals before them, and they look like giant beavers with more webbings on their hands and feets. Hydrochoeroid:These hippo sized rodents resemble josephoartigasia monesi, but with bigger molars more adapted for grazing. They descend from various groundhog like rodents all around the world and overtook grazing niches like artiodactyla before them, with greater madoqua being the only other notable megafaunal grazer. They use their incisors for defense the same way a hippo would with it's tusks, and can deliver a powerful bite. Greater notomys:Descendants of hopping mices(Tarkawara, more precisely.), these fill the niche macropodidae leaves behind, and largely look like them. Just like hydrochoeroid, they fill the grazer niches were they live. They use their hands to use simple tools. Purussauroid:Descendants of the dwarf caiman, these purussaurus like caimans are 10 m long and are the biggest tetrapodal animals of their time. Sharing the armored underbelly of their ancestors, these crocodylians dominate the Americas and surrounding seas. Megalanoid:The lack of crocodiles left varanoids to fill their old niche outside the new world. Reaching no longer than 7 m, these semi aquatic megalania look alikes lack the powerful bites of crocodylians, but have a venom that makes up for it. They are considerably more social than their ancestors, as well as more intelligent(Especially descendants of rock monitors.).Some megalanoids develop more webbings on their hands and feets than others, and are slowly developping ovoviviparity over time, foreshadowing their eventual evolution into the mosasauroid(A mosasaur like lizard.).But for now, sharks dominate the oceans unopposed. Phorusrhacidoid:Descendants of many birds around the world(Like seriemas, caracaras, ibises, bustards, hornbills, flamingos and storks.)adopted large, flightless forms not unlike phorusrhacidae, due to the lack of predators compared to before(A phenomenon seen on many island birds today.). These are descended from ravens, and the top endurace hunters of their time. Unlike terror birds, phorusrhacidoids have smaller, thicker beaks, shorter necks, opposable thumbs on their feets, bigger brains and are no taller than 1.80 m. Their superior intellect allowed them to outcompete similar birds who could have otherwise filled the niche where they are. With working opposable thumbs on their feets, complex language, tool use, tribal organisation, incredible intelligence, endurance hunting, bipedality and sight and hearing as their primary senses, the future looks incredibly promising for these birds. Dark raven:These 5 m long in wingspan ravens are completely black in color except for their red eyes.These nocturnal, intelligent birds are both predator and scavenger, and use their feathers as camouflage in the night sky. Giant hyrax:Just like artiodactyla, perissodactyla, diprotodontia and proboscidea share the megafaunal grazing niches today,so will the candidates for top grazers in the future. The giant hyrax is a sheep sized hyrax and occupies mountaintops hydrochoeroid rarely frequent. Creodontoid:Pale fox, fennec fox and ruppel's fox are the last remaining canidaes in the world after the holocene's extinction. Their descendant is shaped like a dire wolf with a pitbull's stout physique as well as a bigger snout. Creodontoids fill most of the former carnivoran niches. Giant spiny mouse:With porcupines dead, mices of the genus acomys(Or spiny mices.)were free to fill the niche unopposed. They are sheep sized porcupine like rodents with scaly tails and shorter quills. They are nocturnal to avoid phorusrhacidoids, and are virtually unopposed by any other predatorial animals thanks to their protection, not unlike today's giant porcupine in Africa. Titanophis:An almost entirely aquatic snake, titanophis is 10 m long(2.8 m less than titanoboa.)and goes only on land to lay eggs and occasionally snatch prey.It is slowly becoming ovoviviparous in response to it's environment, not unlike sea snakes, but 10 million years isn't long enough for the change. Giant jerboa:Kangaroo like descendants of lesser egyptian jerboas, these jerboas fill the role of gazels in savannahs, and small camels in the desert, being lighter of foot than the hydrochoeroid, and not as energivore. They are smaller than greater notomys, as well as having bigger ears and eyes. Chelodinoid:These 3m long turtles with snake like necks hide in the earth underwater, snatching any prey over them by unearthing their head and attacking with a snake like motion to bite their prey, which they bring under the ground afterward. They are descended from chelodina, a genus of snake necked turtles from australia who are fully xerocole(In at least 3 cases.)and look like bigger versions of them. Pteronuroid:Descendants of the long tailed weasel, the least weasel and the egyptian weasel proved adapted to the water and took to it a bit like otters before them. These dominate the polar areas as leopard seals and polar bears did before them. Despite convergent evolution with otters, these are solitary animals except for the females with they're kids. Equatorial zones are inhabited too, causing fierce rivalries with megalanoids and titanophises. Thanks to lack of competition in either poles, and unlike otters, pteronuroids are able to measure 3.m long and look like relatively elongated sarkastodons with slightly bigger tails. Of the two, great rakalis evolved first, as rakalis are more aquatic than weasels, resulting in the descendants of rakalis reaching bigger sizes before pteronuroids could compete with them. Sapient crows:Even more intelligent than phorusrhacidoids and dark ravens, these crows have reached human intelligence. As big as eagles, these crows make elaborate nests as complex as Paleolithic huts for their eggs, and make fires during the winter. Megalodonoid:14 m long shark. In the absence of any competition(At least from tetrapods outside titanophis.),this shark rules the oceans as dunkleosteus terrelli(Among many others.)did before, with even sapient octopi avoiding them. Giant galago:With no monkeys, galagos were left to take over the arboreal monkey niche unopposed, growing in size in the process. Unlike monkeys, galagos could venture on the ground like kangaroos, making them less vulnerable to deforestation. Their hands could be used for more complex tool use than greater notomys and giant jerboas. Neoparrot:Descended from Australian parrots, These eagle sized birds developped human intelligence by changing situations demanding them to come up with solutions(A bit like what happened with humans.). Similar to sapient crows, but more terrestrial and live in smaller numbers in comparison. As for the microfauna of the future, it will largely look like the survivors of the extinction themselves. The extinction will have largely affected their evolution as such: More terrestrial habits for climbing animals(Gennets, sugar gliders, galagos, etc...) and swimming animals(Frogs, turtles, crocodiles, etc...). Smaller sizes than was available during the holocene(Flamingos, crocodiles, storks, etc...). More omnivorous habits for fruit eating animals(Turacos, galagos, parrots, etc...). Less dependence on aquatic animals(Pelecaniformes, podicipediformes, suliformes, etc...). As for land invertebrates, more or less the same rules as for the rest of the fauna follows. If it's either a jungle specialist or a freshwater specialist it won't survive the extinction unless it adapts. Mollusks and arthropods have the advantage of small size, at least some resistance to radiations, the fact that overhunting is nothing to them, the fact that some of those directly benefit from pollution, the fact that(At least arthropods.) they tend to evolve faster than tetrapods(Which means even jungle and freshwater specialists have a chance to survive.), the fact that some can survive even within the salt deserts(Brine flies.) or even antarctica as pure terrestrial residents(Belgica antarctica.), domination of the surface(Insects.) as well as the fact that the northern hemisphere would still be inhabitable for them on top of the whole equatorial zone. Ocean life would have to endure anoxic events, like previous mass extinctions(Though it is almost impossible that the extinction will be as bad as the permian.), so anything that can survive that would survive the extinction, like fishes, cnidarians(who are even benefitting of this extinction.), crustaceans and mollusks, amongst many others, did before(Bottom dwellers would have a slightly easier time, but pelagic and coastal animals will be deeply affected, and megafaunas tend not to survive such events, even as bottom dwellers.). Edited by number8192, Jul 8 2017, 07:56 PM.
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| CaledonianWarrior96 | Sep 12 2016, 03:50 PM Post #31 |
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I'm just going to say this now; the only vertebrate animals that can lay their eggs in water are fish and amphibians, and that's because they need water to keep them from drying out. Any other animal that lays shelled eggs (reptiles, birds, some mammals like the Platypus) cannot lay them in water, otherwise they would drown or freeze from the low temperature of the water (though that depends on where the water is and the humidity of the region, but even so the water would be cooler anyway) |
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| number8192 | Sep 12 2016, 03:57 PM Post #32 |
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Thanks, CaledonianWarrior96, but i don't think that's what Dragonthunders meant. (Really like your Future Planet (V.2) project, by the way, i'm looking forward to it's completion.) |
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| CaledonianWarrior96 | Sep 12 2016, 04:16 PM Post #33 |
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An Awesome Reptile
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No but there seems to be some confusion about eggs being laid in water, just wanted to clear that up. Also cheers, I appreciate that. FP v2 is a long way from being finished but that's part of the fun |
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Come check out and subscribe to my projects on the following subforums; Future Planet (V.2): the Future Evolution of Life on Earth (Evolutionary Continuum) The Meuse Legacy: An Alternative Outcome of the Mosasaur (Alternative Evolution) Terra Cascus: The Last Refuge of the Dinosaurs (Alternative Evolution) - Official Project - Foundation The Beryoni Galaxy: The Biologically Rich and Politically Complex State of our Galaxy (Habitational Zone) - Beryoni Critique Thread (formerly: Aliens of Beryoni) The Ecology of Skull Island: An Open Project for the Home of King Kong (Alternative Universe) The Ecology of Wakanda: An Open Project for the Home of Marvel's Black Panther (Alternative Universe) (Click bold titles to go to page. To subscribe click on a project, scroll to the bottom of the page and click "track topic" on the bottom right corner) And now, for something completely different
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| Dragonthunders | Sep 12 2016, 04:37 PM Post #34 |
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To my knowledge, the birds would have no problem, ocean acidification has a different effect on land.
Why are the huge number of powerplant still working if human population has declined? It makes much sense to occur in scenarios where humanity disappears suddenly and there was nothing to warn about it, leaving every nuclear powerplant active, but in a timeline where humanity continues its activities would be unlikely, these would be gradually closed or off according to the needs of the remaining populations.
I feel that here youagain exaggerate the effects, there will be desertification of course, however, there are chances that plants like grasses can grow and prosper. |
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Projects "Active" projects The Future is Far Welcome to the next chapters of the evolution of life on earth, travel the across the earth on a journey that goes beyond the limits, a billion years of future history in the making. The SE giants project Wonder what is the big of the big on speculative evolution? no problem, here is the answer Coming one day Age of Mankind Humanity fate and its possible finals. The Long Cosmic Journey The history outside our world. The alternative paths The multiverse, the final frontier... Holocene park: Welcome to the biggest adventure of the last 215 million years, where the age of mammals comes to life again! Cambrian mars: An interesting experiment on an unprecedented scale, the life of a particular and important period in the history of our planet, the cambric life, has been transported to a terraformed and habitable mars in an alternative past. Two different paths, two different worlds, but same life and same weirdness. My deviantart | |
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| number8192 | Sep 12 2016, 04:43 PM Post #35 |
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Here is a link for the curious. http://s1.zetaboards.com/Conceptual_Evolution/topic/8001182/1/ |
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| number8192 | Sep 12 2016, 05:16 PM Post #36 |
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To Dragonthunders. 1:Hydrogen sulfide will build up on the coasts, due to lack of oxygen in the waters from ocean acidification. Since petrels need the coast to survive, their chances are slim. 2:It takes about five years to decomission a nuclear powerplant, not to mention the number of nuclear powerplants will augment in the future. The decline will not be gradual, the number of people is augmenting and this, largely, is what will cause the extinction in the first place. As resources go away while the human population gets bigger, anarchy will happen, during which anything could go wrong, like nuclear powerplants not being fully decomissioned due to riots and the like interfering with personnel or there not being enough personnel to decomission them all at once. Not to mention that if even one of those goes into meltdown, the other ones may be too risky to approach and decomission, causing a domino effect. 3:Desert plants will definitely prosper, but it's unlikely to undo the desertification right away. By the time it would be undone, most animals that aren't xerocoles would have gone extinct. I expect a huge boom of plant life to appear in antarctica, but only birds and bats will benefit from this. Thanks again for correcting me. Hope this is not taking too much of your time. Edited by number8192, Sep 12 2016, 05:40 PM.
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| Dragonthunders | Sep 12 2016, 05:45 PM Post #37 |
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You seem to mix a topic with another, I had said a few posts ago that petrels are quite generalist, so would have no trouble surviving, probably their populations would be reduced, but would survive. Their eggs would be fine, acidification of the oceans and its effects fall directly on marine organisms, not to land organism as amniotes is why I said "unless birds can lay eggs on water".
I can understand that, however, on a massive scale, it is simply exaggerated, dont get me wrong, here you are forcing the catastrophe by the point of making an uninhabitable territory, which ends up being ridiculous.
I would say to consult first before making such a statement, I have no deep knowledge to explain that, however, I feel that this is not how desertification is happening. |
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Projects "Active" projects The Future is Far Welcome to the next chapters of the evolution of life on earth, travel the across the earth on a journey that goes beyond the limits, a billion years of future history in the making. The SE giants project Wonder what is the big of the big on speculative evolution? no problem, here is the answer Coming one day Age of Mankind Humanity fate and its possible finals. The Long Cosmic Journey The history outside our world. The alternative paths The multiverse, the final frontier... Holocene park: Welcome to the biggest adventure of the last 215 million years, where the age of mammals comes to life again! Cambrian mars: An interesting experiment on an unprecedented scale, the life of a particular and important period in the history of our planet, the cambric life, has been transported to a terraformed and habitable mars in an alternative past. Two different paths, two different worlds, but same life and same weirdness. My deviantart | |
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| number8192 | Sep 12 2016, 06:09 PM Post #38 |
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To Dragonthunders. 1:I think you mean petrels would build their nests further from the coast to avoid the hydrogen sulfide gas reaching them from the coast(It travels in both air and water.). At which point i imagine they could survive if they could feed off the land(The pelagic zone will be heavily affected, where they feed.). 2:The danger of leaked radiations, combined with warming, desertification, pollution and the loss of most freshwater will make a lot of places unhinhabitable for most of tetrapods, like the northern hemisphere(Heat and radiation will largely move northward.). 3:After a mass extinction, it's mostly desert plants(Look at the plants of the early triassic, for instance.). Though since desert plants aren't undoing the sahara right now, it's likely the desertification will continue for quite some time. As for antarctica, tons of ice+sudden melting=ideal fertile ground, the only issues are the half a year night and the fact that the next ice age will undo that. Thanks! Looking forward to your corrections. I am interested to see if anyone has an opinion on papio or chlorocebus surviving. Edited by number8192, Oct 7 2016, 06:52 PM.
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| number8192 | Sep 23 2016, 03:14 PM Post #39 |
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Here are some animals that may have a chance depending on how bad the extinction is. Aardwolf Raccoon Red fox Caracal Serval Jackals Common duiker porcupines nine banded armadillo baboons Green monkeys The main hardships they would face would be relative to their size(except possibly the raccoon and the red fox.), hence why they are not included in the survivors list. The main hardships big animals would face would be availability of food and the bushmeat trade, which is likely to get worse in the future as all resources get used up. Megafauna is susceptible to extinction anywhere, even in the desert, and the bushmeat trade is a real threat, case in point: http://ens-newswire.com/2013/12/05/sahara-deserts-large-mammals-slipping-into-extinction/ https://news.mongabay.com/2013/12/86-percent-of-big-animals-in-the-sahara-desert-are-extinct-or-endangered/ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8877062.stm http://dev.yourbusybee.com/peter/evolution/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/cause_extinction.jpg http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_YM4U7AELoDw/TP8TkloA-1I/AAAAAAAAACY/cxPy164Td3c/s1600/figure_5_extinctions.jpg Here are animals that don't feel like survivor material to me, but that i could be wrong about: petrels bandicoots goats peccaries treeshrews When comparing with other extinctions, we must keep in mind that there were no nuclear powerplants or bushmeat trades at the time. So the extinction will lean toward big animals because they are easy to catch and provide more food, and they reproduce slowly, while small animals have more hiding places and are unfilling, and losses are less crippling. The bushmeat trade would stop only once humans would die out, so if a situation isn't so bad as to kill cougars or grey wolves, it's probably not bad enough to kill humans either, and the hunt would continue until it did. Edited by number8192, Nov 3 2016, 03:42 AM.
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| number8192 | Oct 12 2016, 01:40 PM Post #40 |
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Any opinions on sapient crows, sapient octopi and neoparrots reaching human intelligence? Each have plenty of survivors that could give birth to at least one fully sapient descendant, are already pretty intelligent(Crows are already smarter than our ancestor dryopithecus, 10 million years ago.), and crows and parrots already have a versatile vocal range, good sight, good hearing, opposable thumbs(On their feets.), bipedalism, the ability to speak, can migrate(Endurance.), and a form of culture. What obstacles could get in the way of these survivors(Or possibly other survivors.) developping human intelligence? |
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| DroidSyber | Oct 12 2016, 01:45 PM Post #41 |
I'll cut ya swear on me mum
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Well, depending on how you look at it, crows and octopuses are already sapients |
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Non Enim Cadunt! No idea how to actually hold down a project. | |
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| number8192 | Oct 12 2016, 01:48 PM Post #42 |
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What about reaching human intelligence, NinjaSquirrel? |
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| DroidSyber | Oct 12 2016, 01:51 PM Post #43 |
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I'll cut ya swear on me mum
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With the right circumstances, I don't see why not |
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Non Enim Cadunt! No idea how to actually hold down a project. | |
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| number8192 | Oct 12 2016, 02:00 PM Post #44 |
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Considering the number of survivors all three will have, the fact that our intelligence was no better than gibbon's 10 million years ago, and that they could already be considered sapient, the odds are pretty high that those circumstances will be met now that i think about it. Thanks NinjaSquirrel! |
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| DroidSyber | Oct 12 2016, 02:03 PM Post #45 |
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I'll cut ya swear on me mum
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You're welcome, just don't use me as your only source. There may be variables I'm not thinking of |
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Non Enim Cadunt! No idea how to actually hold down a project. | |
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