Continental drift

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Continental drift; How continental drift will carry out
Topic Started: Dec 12 2015, 11:10 AM (2,089 Views)
CaledonianWarrior96	Dec 12 2015, 11:10 AM Post #1
An Awesome Reptile Posts: 2,383 Group: Members Member #1,642 Joined: Feb 22, 2015 Gender: Male Area of expertise: Future Evolution Nationality: Scottish (Not british) Favorite Quote: "Life's too short to take it seriously" - Me Also known as: SlothWarrior	Hey guys. I'm having a bit of trouble trying to make maps for future continents and I was wandering if anyone here knew any ways or websites that can help you make your own maps. I'm just trying to get a visual idea of what the continents would like in the future at differen times (eg 50 million ACE, 100 million ACE, 250 million ACE etc...). I have my own theories on what the continents would look like given our current knowledge of plate tectonics, where the continents are moving now and how fast they are and subduction/plate growth zones. Any help is appreciated. Thanks
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revin	Dec 12 2015, 11:13 AM Post #2
Leonardo da Vinci at his finest Posts: 905 Group: Members Member #1,466 Joined: Jun 22, 2014 Area of expertise: Xenobiology Nationality: United Statesian Gender: Attack helicopter (please use the pronoun heli)	Well, there's little evidence that the so-called Pangea II will form, with the Atlantic Ocean closing again. This has basically no evidence to support it. I think the next supercontinent will form in about 200 million years, and would look sort of like this: http://vignette4.wikia.nocookie.net/speculativeevolution/images/b/ba/Novopangea.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20130830101924
	I tend to get dis– Hey, look, an elephant! Potentially an elephant Fire into Ice, a project about life on a rogue planet ejected from our own Solar System. Check it out! My spec evo YouTube channel: http://www.youtube.com/speculativeevolution With personal experience as a raven, I am a major proponent of conserving all corvid species at all costs. Save the endangered Mariana crow here. Please don't click. Seriously, what did I tell you? Come at me bro, come at me. That's it. I've REALLY had it now. One last chance to redeem yourself, or you will be burned in atheist hell, whatever the hell that means. This game is like Russian nesting dolls. Sorry, a bit of a tangent. Or should I say, a cosine? MWAHAHAHAHA trigonometry joke distraction. <insert octagon here>STOP</insert> Yer gold lies right around the corner. Or, you know, you could have clicked the "save the crow" link and found out without playing this game. Hey look, an elephant! Wait, didn't I already use that? Dragon this way… --> … and not the good kind. Please, seriously don't click this. Oudated meme warning! SECURITY BREACH I wonder who's actually reached this point. Okay, fine, here's the treat for those who seriously just wasted all their time doing this. Here it is. Just wait… Aha! Here! Erm… here! I promise. Seriously. Pinky promise. This is it. Just don't be surprised if it's a bit underwhelming. Well, someone ought to have a rick roll in their signature, and it might as well be me.


LittleLazyLass	Dec 12 2015, 11:50 AM Post #3
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CaledonianWarrior96	Dec 12 2015, 12:17 PM Post #4
An Awesome Reptile Posts: 2,383 Group: Members Member #1,642 Joined: Feb 22, 2015 Gender: Male Area of expertise: Future Evolution Nationality: Scottish (Not british) Favorite Quote: "Life's too short to take it seriously" - Me Also known as: SlothWarrior	revin Dec 12 2015, 11:13 AM Well, there's little evidence that the so-called Pangea II will form, with the Atlantic Ocean closing again. This has basically no evidence to support it. I think the next supercontinent will form in about 200 million years, and would look sort of like this: http://vignette4.wikia.nocookie.net/speculativeevolution/images/b/ba/Novopangea.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20130830101924 Is that the same supercontinent from TFIW? I agree that the next one will form at the same time frame but I have a different idea on how it might form
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revin	Dec 12 2015, 04:11 PM Post #5
Leonardo da Vinci at his finest Posts: 905 Group: Members Member #1,466 Joined: Jun 22, 2014 Area of expertise: Xenobiology Nationality: United Statesian Gender: Attack helicopter (please use the pronoun heli)	Yes, yes it is. What differences are you putting into your supercontinent?
	I tend to get dis– Hey, look, an elephant! Potentially an elephant Fire into Ice, a project about life on a rogue planet ejected from our own Solar System. Check it out! My spec evo YouTube channel: http://www.youtube.com/speculativeevolution With personal experience as a raven, I am a major proponent of conserving all corvid species at all costs. Save the endangered Mariana crow here. Please don't click. Seriously, what did I tell you? Come at me bro, come at me. That's it. I've REALLY had it now. One last chance to redeem yourself, or you will be burned in atheist hell, whatever the hell that means. This game is like Russian nesting dolls. Sorry, a bit of a tangent. Or should I say, a cosine? MWAHAHAHAHA trigonometry joke distraction. <insert octagon here>STOP</insert> Yer gold lies right around the corner. Or, you know, you could have clicked the "save the crow" link and found out without playing this game. Hey look, an elephant! Wait, didn't I already use that? Dragon this way… --> … and not the good kind. Please, seriously don't click this. Oudated meme warning! SECURITY BREACH I wonder who's actually reached this point. Okay, fine, here's the treat for those who seriously just wasted all their time doing this. Here it is. Just wait… Aha! Here! Erm… here! I promise. Seriously. Pinky promise. This is it. Just don't be surprised if it's a bit underwhelming. Well, someone ought to have a rick roll in their signature, and it might as well be me.


revin	Dec 12 2015, 04:17 PM Post #6
Leonardo da Vinci at his finest Posts: 905 Group: Members Member #1,466 Joined: Jun 22, 2014 Area of expertise: Xenobiology Nationality: United Statesian Gender: Attack helicopter (please use the pronoun heli)	There seems to be a couple of issues with this map. First off, the Iranian plate seems to be disputed to exist. Second of all (mostly nitpick, but still), it's missing the Scotia plate. And finally, Australia and India have been separate plates for the last 3 million years. EDIT: Um, that map just got deleted… okay… Edited by revin, Dec 12 2015, 04:18 PM.
	I tend to get dis– Hey, look, an elephant! Potentially an elephant Fire into Ice, a project about life on a rogue planet ejected from our own Solar System. Check it out! My spec evo YouTube channel: http://www.youtube.com/speculativeevolution With personal experience as a raven, I am a major proponent of conserving all corvid species at all costs. Save the endangered Mariana crow here. Please don't click. Seriously, what did I tell you? Come at me bro, come at me. That's it. I've REALLY had it now. One last chance to redeem yourself, or you will be burned in atheist hell, whatever the hell that means. This game is like Russian nesting dolls. Sorry, a bit of a tangent. Or should I say, a cosine? MWAHAHAHAHA trigonometry joke distraction. <insert octagon here>STOP</insert> Yer gold lies right around the corner. Or, you know, you could have clicked the "save the crow" link and found out without playing this game. Hey look, an elephant! Wait, didn't I already use that? Dragon this way… --> … and not the good kind. Please, seriously don't click this. Oudated meme warning! SECURITY BREACH I wonder who's actually reached this point. Okay, fine, here's the treat for those who seriously just wasted all their time doing this. Here it is. Just wait… Aha! Here! Erm… here! I promise. Seriously. Pinky promise. This is it. Just don't be surprised if it's a bit underwhelming. Well, someone ought to have a rick roll in their signature, and it might as well be me.


CaledonianWarrior96	Dec 12 2015, 05:21 PM Post #7
An Awesome Reptile Posts: 2,383 Group: Members Member #1,642 Joined: Feb 22, 2015 Gender: Male Area of expertise: Future Evolution Nationality: Scottish (Not british) Favorite Quote: "Life's too short to take it seriously" - Me Also known as: SlothWarrior	revin Dec 12 2015, 04:11 PM Yes, yes it is. What differences are you putting into your supercontinent? Well I'm following current plate tectonics now and predicting what they'll be like in the further future but here's what I think will happen. Africa will move northwards in Europe and close of the Mediterranean sea, first turning it into a salt pan (like in TFIW) and then uplifiting it entriely into a new mountain range. The same with Australia but it will move north west and beach itself on South-east Asia, also creating a mountain range. It's possible the two collisions may also create plateaus but I haven't given that much thought. North and South America will remain connected for a little while but eventually South will shift quicker and separate itself, becoming an island continent while North will collide with Asia at the Bering Strait, creating a new land bridge. Antarctica will move north into the Atlantic and leave the south pole. Also a new subcontinent will form as part of East Africa will break off and drift into the Indian Ocean (I'll call it Mini-Africa for now) Going further I think Africa, Eurasia and Austalia will form a new supercontinent that I'm calling Eurutellus (Eastern Land). I als think the two new mountain ranges will expand and connect with the Himalayas, effectively making the largest mountain range on the planet. Eventually the Atlantic will stop widening and draw the Americas closer to Africa and Europe, south first then north. This is where I'm guessing what might happen so it may or may not happen: Eventually Antarctica will collide with Africa and Mini-Africa will collide with the western part of Indonesia. North America will collide with Africa and form another mountain range there. South America will 'slide' south of Africa and rub along what is now Antarctica and along Asia while making it's way for Australia. This will be a new continent I haven't named yet (I'll call it Pangaea Jr). Beyond Pangaea Jr I don't know what will happen next so I'll stop here. This puts it at a rough estimate of 200 - 250 million years into the future. Edited by CaledonianWarrior96, Dec 13 2015, 04:32 PM.
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revin	Dec 12 2015, 05:25 PM Post #8
Leonardo da Vinci at his finest Posts: 905 Group: Members Member #1,466 Joined: Jun 22, 2014 Area of expertise: Xenobiology Nationality: United Statesian Gender: Attack helicopter (please use the pronoun heli)	CaledonianWarrior96 Dec 12 2015, 05:21 PM Eventually the Atlantic will stop widening and draw the Americas closer to Africa and Europe, south first then north. Why would it stop widening? This hypothesis is probably incorrect, and stems from the fact that people literally want there to be another Pangea, rather than any actual tectonic science.
	I tend to get dis– Hey, look, an elephant! Potentially an elephant Fire into Ice, a project about life on a rogue planet ejected from our own Solar System. Check it out! My spec evo YouTube channel: http://www.youtube.com/speculativeevolution With personal experience as a raven, I am a major proponent of conserving all corvid species at all costs. Save the endangered Mariana crow here. Please don't click. Seriously, what did I tell you? Come at me bro, come at me. That's it. I've REALLY had it now. One last chance to redeem yourself, or you will be burned in atheist hell, whatever the hell that means. This game is like Russian nesting dolls. Sorry, a bit of a tangent. Or should I say, a cosine? MWAHAHAHAHA trigonometry joke distraction. <insert octagon here>STOP</insert> Yer gold lies right around the corner. Or, you know, you could have clicked the "save the crow" link and found out without playing this game. Hey look, an elephant! Wait, didn't I already use that? Dragon this way… --> … and not the good kind. Please, seriously don't click this. Oudated meme warning! SECURITY BREACH I wonder who's actually reached this point. Okay, fine, here's the treat for those who seriously just wasted all their time doing this. Here it is. Just wait… Aha! Here! Erm… here! I promise. Seriously. Pinky promise. This is it. Just don't be surprised if it's a bit underwhelming. Well, someone ought to have a rick roll in their signature, and it might as well be me.


CaledonianWarrior96	Dec 12 2015, 05:35 PM Post #9
An Awesome Reptile Posts: 2,383 Group: Members Member #1,642 Joined: Feb 22, 2015 Gender: Male Area of expertise: Future Evolution Nationality: Scottish (Not british) Favorite Quote: "Life's too short to take it seriously" - Me Also known as: SlothWarrior	revin Dec 12 2015, 05:25 PM CaledonianWarrior96 Dec 12 2015, 05:21 PM Eventually the Atlantic will stop widening and draw the Americas closer to Africa and Europe, south first then north. Why would it stop widening? This hypothesis is probably incorrect, and stems from the fact that people literally want there to be another Pangea, rather than any actual tectonic science. I did read somewhere that around 150 million ACE the Mid-Atlantic Ridge might stop spreading and eventually go into subduction, drawing the Americas and Europe and Africa closer together. Besides, even if it doesn't stop spreading then the Americas would just be going west until they collide with Asia and maybe Australia. So in either scenario the Americas will eventually collide with another continent
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bloom_boi	Dec 13 2015, 07:57 AM Post #10
What The? Posts: 5,549 Group: Members Member #450 Joined: Dec 18, 2010 Gender: Male Nationality: my blood is where my boots are Favorite Quote: "I didn't know the Forest Spirit made the flowers grow" Also known as: Watcher/Kom	This thread raises some interesting points that are often overlooked in other projections. In my own projection I made before this thread, Ill add in that something similar to a Borea was forming, even though I only got to around 50myh. I based mine of the tectonic plate map found on wikipedia.
	"You shall perish, whatever you do! If you are taken with arms in your hands, death! If you beg for mercy, death! Whichever way you turn, right, left, back, forward, up, down, death! You are not merely outside the law, you are outside humanity. Neither age nor sex shall save you and yours. You shall die, but first you shall taste the agony of your wife, your sister, your sons and daughters, even those in the cradle! Before your eyes the wounded man shall be taken out of the ambulance and hacked with bayonets or knocked down with the butt end of a rifle. He shall be dragged living by his broken leg or bleeding arm and flung like a suffering, groaning bundle of refuse into the gutter. Death! Death! Death!"


revin	Dec 13 2015, 12:13 PM Post #11
Leonardo da Vinci at his finest Posts: 905 Group: Members Member #1,466 Joined: Jun 22, 2014 Area of expertise: Xenobiology Nationality: United Statesian Gender: Attack helicopter (please use the pronoun heli)	That's very true. It shouldn't take close to 500 million years to assemble a supercontinent. Pannotia formed in 250 million years and Pangaea formed in about 300 million. A lot of people seem to disregard Pannotia as a real supercontinent, and claim it took 500 million years to form Pangaea, but Pannotia was very real and definitely included most or all of the landmasses of the time. It seems indeed like we're overdue for a supercontinent. Note though that same give the name Amasia to the North Polar continent, mainly because it excludes Antarctica. Interestingly, if we have a hothouse world in the future, Antarctica would became an archipelago, not a continent in its own right, meaning Borea/North Polar Amasia is a complete supercontinent. Here's my main question, though. Why do the continents keep shifting by 90 degrees latitude? Is it a coincidence that it is exactly one quarter of the water around the Earth?
	I tend to get dis– Hey, look, an elephant! Potentially an elephant Fire into Ice, a project about life on a rogue planet ejected from our own Solar System. Check it out! My spec evo YouTube channel: http://www.youtube.com/speculativeevolution With personal experience as a raven, I am a major proponent of conserving all corvid species at all costs. Save the endangered Mariana crow here. Please don't click. Seriously, what did I tell you? Come at me bro, come at me. That's it. I've REALLY had it now. One last chance to redeem yourself, or you will be burned in atheist hell, whatever the hell that means. This game is like Russian nesting dolls. Sorry, a bit of a tangent. Or should I say, a cosine? MWAHAHAHAHA trigonometry joke distraction. <insert octagon here>STOP</insert> Yer gold lies right around the corner. Or, you know, you could have clicked the "save the crow" link and found out without playing this game. Hey look, an elephant! Wait, didn't I already use that? Dragon this way… --> … and not the good kind. Please, seriously don't click this. Oudated meme warning! SECURITY BREACH I wonder who's actually reached this point. Okay, fine, here's the treat for those who seriously just wasted all their time doing this. Here it is. Just wait… Aha! Here! Erm… here! I promise. Seriously. Pinky promise. This is it. Just don't be surprised if it's a bit underwhelming. Well, someone ought to have a rick roll in their signature, and it might as well be me.


CaledonianWarrior96	Dec 13 2015, 04:28 PM Post #12
An Awesome Reptile Posts: 2,383 Group: Members Member #1,642 Joined: Feb 22, 2015 Gender: Male Area of expertise: Future Evolution Nationality: Scottish (Not british) Favorite Quote: "Life's too short to take it seriously" - Me Also known as: SlothWarrior	I think another thing that people overlook when making Evolution Continuum projects is that the continents can actually decide how organisms evolve. I mean 40 miilion years ago Antarctica moved over the south pole and became frozen as circumpolar currents circulated around it, resulting in a drier climate and major changes to the global ocean current system that resulted in the loss of tropical forests, the loss of many forest-dwelling animals and a significant drop in fish stocks. 3 million years ago the land bridge that is Central America formed cut off the Atlantic from the Pacific and the warm ocean current from the Pacific was halted which resulted in more changes which may have been one of the causes for the current Ice Age. If we have an idea of how the continents will change in the future then we can predict how the climate can form and how this has an effect on life on Earth. Like if Antarctica moves north from the south pole then the currents that travel around it will change, Antarctica will move into warmer latitudes and the ice will melt over time. Not only will this change the face of Antarctica but all that cold, freshwater entering the salty oceans will surely affect the ocean currents and have a further profound affect on the climate, which would then affect plant and animal life. In my Future Planet project I'm trying to make future maps of the planet which should help me think of what the climates would be at different time periods and how life can adapt to them
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whachamacallit2	Dec 14 2015, 06:49 PM Post #13
Guy who yells at squirrels Posts: 1,783 Group: Members Member #718 Joined: Feb 20, 2012 Area of expertise: Xenobiology Nationality: Multiracial American	revin Dec 13 2015, 12:13 PM Interestingly, if we have a hothouse world in the future, Antarctica would became an archipelago, not a continent in its own right, Wait, are you taking that statement from this image? Because if so, that one doesn't take into account the isostatic rebound that occurs after a landmass has been relieved of the mass that was on top of it. If you do take it into account, Antarctica turns much more into your average continent. Added the idea that the continent may be moving from the South pole, and you would have a pretty significant orogeny that would further reshape the continent.
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revin	Dec 14 2015, 06:58 PM Post #14
Leonardo da Vinci at his finest Posts: 905 Group: Members Member #1,466 Joined: Jun 22, 2014 Area of expertise: Xenobiology Nationality: United Statesian Gender: Attack helicopter (please use the pronoun heli)	Actually, it was a CGP Grey video that I got that from, but close enough. Wouldn't rising sea levels flood a lot of coastal Antarctica, though?
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whachamacallit2	Dec 14 2015, 07:06 PM Post #15
Guy who yells at squirrels Posts: 1,783 Group: Members Member #718 Joined: Feb 20, 2012 Area of expertise: Xenobiology Nationality: Multiracial American	The second image actually does take into account a higher sea level, which is probably why western Antarctica is mostly flooded. Of course in a future Antarctica where the continent moves, it gets even harder because of the huge uplift that would occur. Antarctica would honestly probably get very warped in that scenario.
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