| Homework Shit; For Psychology | |
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| Tweet Topic Started: Feb 10 2009, 12:57 PM (41 Views) | |
| Dreher Brothers | Feb 10 2009, 12:57 PM Post #1 |
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SCHIZOPHRENIA Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that in now the world's fourth leading cause of disability for the ages of fifteen to forty-four (Internet 2009).It is also believed that the disorder has followed the human race through a great portion of mankind's history, though it wasn't until the year of 1887 that the illness, "Dementia Praecox" gained the name of "Schizophrenia"; by the late Dr. Emile Kraepelin less than 100 years ago (Schizophrenia 1996). In many psychiatrist's research of the illness, they came to an understanding that schizophrenia usually experience a combination of there the main categories of symptoms; positive and negative. Though recently there have been a third category, cognitive, that has been lumped in with the previous two (Schizophrenia 1996). Schizophrenia's course tends to begin in the late teens and the mid 30's. Though it is rare for the disorder to begin prior to adolescence or the uncommon chance of occurring in the later years of life (such as after age 45), there have been cases reported (Internet 2009). Schizophrenia tends to occur a few years earlier in men than women and the onset may be abrupt or insidious, though it's usually gradually with a pre-psychotic phase and increasing negative symptoms (Internet 2009). The negative symptoms one experiences in schizophrenia are ones dealing with behavior and feelings. For example, social withdrawal, deterioration in hygiene and grooming, unusual behavior, outbursts of anger, and loss of interest in school and work (Internet 2009). These symptoms are hard to work with considering the age groups that are going into these symptoms are teenagers for the most part, and some of these symptoms are common for the 'rebellious' teens. Not too long after the onset of the negative symptoms, the one affected begins to experiences delusions, hallucinations, or grossly bizarre or disoriented speech and behavior.(Internet 2009). These are better known as the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. The cognitive symptoms include disorganized thoughts, difficulty concentrating and/or following instructions, difficulty accomplishing tasks, and memory problems (Schizophrenia 1996). Schizophrenia however is not the only mental illness that has these same symptoms. There are a number of other mental disorders that share many, if not all, the same symptomology as Schizophrenia; Schizoid Personality, Schizophreniform Disorder, Schizotypal Personality, Asperger's Syndrome, and Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depression) just to name a few (Schizophrenia 1996). Other thing many get confused about is the difference between Schizophrenia and Psychosis. Much like many things in life, Schizophrenia is psychosis, but psychosis is not Schizophrenia. They are not interchangeable. Psychosis is the general term used to describe psychotic symptoms, and Schizophrenia is a type of psychosis. One of the many ways psychosis may develop is if a serious depression is left unattended for a long period of time. Drugs traumas and strokes; among others; are all ways to develop a psychotic state. (Schizophrenia 1996) Schizophrenia itself is a some-what diverse illness between men and women. For men, schizophrenia tends to begin earlier in life than in women and even more men are recorded to have developed Schizophrenia than women. Men tend to predominate in the negative symptoms (social withdrawal, lack of motivation, flat emotions) as depressive episodes, paranoid delusions, and hallucinations tend to predominate in women (Internet 2009). Also, first -degree biological relatives have ten times a greater risk of developing the disorder than the general population; the rates for schizophrenia in monozygotic twins are also higher than for dizygotic twins. Treatment for Schizophrenia is a difficult in itself. Many of those who are infected with the illness don't even know they are infected or refuse to acknowledge it due to the illness's hold over the frontal lobe, the part of the brain that allows free thinking. Schizophrenia causes a disturbance in the way the brain cell communicate with each other, the neurotransmitters that carry signals to one place to another are often abnormal (Schizophrenia 1996). Serotonin is also likely to be a problem with those who are diagnosed with schizophrenia, often lacking sufficient or lacking in presence of the important neurotransmitter that influences behavior. Psychotherapy is one of the leading and most beneficial treatments for schizophrenic patients. Drugs care often used to treat both positive and negative symptoms. Medications such as Haldol, Mellaril, Prolixin, navane, stelazine, and Thorazine are used to treat positive symptoms and medications such as Clozapine, and Risperidone are treatments for both positive and negative symptoms (Schizophrenia 1996). These treatments work by blocking the production of excess dopamine, which cause the positive symptoms or by stimulating the production of neurotransmitters, which decrease negative symptoms. There are no known medicine that can cure schizophrenia, just the symptoms (Schizophrenia 1996). However, even with these medicines to help the schizophrenic, the chief problem with the drugs are that the patients usually stop using them due to their terrible side effects such as the tardive dyskinesia; an involuntary movement, similar to a tic or chorea. A number of patients often stop their medicines because "some of the side effects are so severe or embarrassing that it's the major reason they do not take their medication" (Schizophrenia 1996) . Despite this, many patients report a great value in family rehabilitation therapy. These therapies are intended to help teach the family learn how to cope and live with the ill family members. IT also helps the family grow to understand and deal with their frustrations and pain that results to knowing that a family member is ill and may not recover or improve much at all. This type of therapy also helps the sick patient learn skills they need to survive in society (Schizophrenia 1996). Due to the damage caused to the frontal lobe, about 40% of the people who are diagnosed with schizophrenia are unable to understand that they have the disorder because the frontal lobe holds the responsibility for self-analysis. Patients are unable to left the brain ask itself if it is sick due to the illness, and because of this, some may be forced to take treatments against their wills, often necessary for last resorts (Schizophrenia 1996). There are a number of ways for assisted treatment and how they benefit the ill person. An Out-Patient Commitment is a court-order requiring the patient to comply with a set treatment as a condition for release from a hospital. The treatments of Out-Patient Commitments has been shown to reduce hospital re-admissions by 50-80% and the patients were more likely to keep their appointments (Schizophrenia 1996). A Guardianship is when the court appoints someone else to permanently make decisions for the ill person, however, it can be difficult to get a legal adult declared incompetent which is required to obtain a guardianship (Schizophrenia 1996). Once again, medications still seem to be the best bet as they actual get rid of the symptoms, though not schizophrenia itself. The only problem with this kind of treatment is the high expensive for the medications. CONCLUSION HERE |
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| RandomVillager | Feb 10 2009, 01:52 PM Post #2 |
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This is the REVISED VERISON, BETCH!! >:DDDDDDDDDd SCHIZOPHRENIA Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is now the world's fourth leading cause of disability for the ages of fifteen to forty-four (Internet 2009). It is also believed that the disorder has followed the human race through a great portion of mankind's history, though it wasn't until the year of 1887 that the illness "Dementia Praecox" gained the name of "Schizophrenia"; by the late Dr. Emile Kraepelin less than 100 years ago (Schizophrenia 1996). In many psychiatrist's research of the illness, they came to an understanding that schizophrenia usually experience a combination of there the main categories of symptoms; positive and negative. Though recently there have been a third category—cognitive—that has been lumped in with the previous two (Schizophrenia 1996). Schizophrenia's course tends to begin in the late teens to the mid thirties. Though it is rare for the disorder to begin prior to adolescence or the uncommon chance of occurring in the later years of life (such as after age 45), there have been cases reported (Internet 2009). Schizophrenia tends to occur a few years earlier in men than women and the onset may be abrupt or insidious, though it's usually gradual with a pre-psychotic phase and increasing negative symptoms (Internet 2009). The negative symptoms one experiences in schizophrenia are ones dealing with behavior and feelings. A few examples are social withdrawal, deterioration in hygiene and grooming, unusual behavior, outbursts of anger, and loss of interest in school and work (Internet 2009). These symptoms are hard to work with considering the age groups that are going into these symptoms are teenagers for the most part, and some of these symptoms are common for the 'rebellious' teens. Not too long after the onset of the negative symptoms, the one affected begins to experiences delusions, hallucinations, or grossly bizarre or disoriented speech and behavior. (Internet 2009). These are better known as the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. The cognitive symptoms include disorganized thoughts, difficulty concentrating and/or following instructions, difficulty accomplishing tasks, and memory problems (Schizophrenia 1996). Schizophrenia however is not the only mental illness that has these same symptoms. There are a number of other mental disorders that share many, if not all, the same symptomology as Schizophrenia; Schizoid Personality, Schizophreniform Disorder, Schizotypal Personality, Asperger's Syndrome, and Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depression) just to name a few (Schizophrenia 1996). Other thing many get confused about is the difference between Schizophrenia and Psychosis. Much like many things in life, Schizophrenia is psychosis, but psychosis is not Schizophrenia. They are not interchangeable. Psychosis is the general term used to describe psychotic symptoms, and Schizophrenia is a type of psychosis. One of the many ways psychosis may develop is if a serious depression is left unattended for a long period of time. Drugs traumas and strokes; among others; are all ways to develop a psychotic state. (Schizophrenia 1996) Schizophrenia itself is a somewhat diverse illness between men and women. For men, schizophrenia tends to begin earlier in life than in women and even more men are recorded to have developed Schizophrenia than women. Men tend to predominate in the negative symptoms (social withdrawal, lack of motivation, flat emotions) as depressive episodes, paranoid delusions, and hallucinations tend to predominate in women (Internet 2009). Also, first -degree biological relatives have ten times a greater risk of developing the disorder than the general population; the rates for schizophrenia in monozygotic twins are also higher than for dizygotic twins. Treatment for Schizophrenia is a difficult in itself. Many of those who are infected with the illness don't even know they are infected or refuse to acknowledge it due to the illness's hold over the frontal lobe, the part of the brain that allows free thinking. Schizophrenia causes a disturbance in the way the brain cell communicate with each other, the neurotransmitters that carry signals to one place to another are often abnormal (Schizophrenia 1996). Serotonin is also likely to be a problem with those who are diagnosed with schizophrenia, often lacking sufficient or lacking in presence of the important neurotransmitter that influences behavior. Psychotherapy is one of the leading and most beneficial treatments for schizophrenic patients. Drugs care often used to treat both positive and negative symptoms. Medications such as Haldol, Mellaril, Prolixin, navane, stelazine, and Thorazine are used to treat positive symptoms and medications such as Clozapine, and Risperidone are treatments for both positive and negative symptoms (Schizophrenia 1996). These treatments work by blocking the production of excess dopamine, which cause the positive symptoms or by stimulating the production of neurotransmitters, which decrease negative symptoms. There are no known medicine that can cure schizophrenia, just the symptoms (Schizophrenia 1996). However, even with these medicines to help the schizophrenic, the chief problem with the drugs are that the patients usually stop using them due to their terrible side effects such as the tardive dyskinesia; an involuntary movement, similar to a tic or chorea. A number of patients often stop their medicines because "some of the side effects are so severe or embarrassing that it's the major reason they do not take their medication" (Schizophrenia 1996) . Despite this, many patients report a great value in family rehabilitation therapy. These therapies are intended to help teach the family learn how to cope and live with the ill family members. It also helps the family grow to understand and deal with their frustrations and pain that results to knowing that a family member is ill and may not recover or improve much at all. This type of therapy also helps the sick patient learn skills they need to survive in society (Schizophrenia 1996). Due to the damage caused to the frontal lobe, about 40% of the people who are diagnosed with schizophrenia are unable to understand that they have the disorder because the frontal lobe holds the responsibility for self-analysis. Patients are unable to left the brain ask itself if it is sick due to the illness, and because of this, some may be forced to take treatments against their wills, often necessary for last resorts (Schizophrenia 1996). There are a number of ways for assisted treatment and how they benefit the ill person. An Out-Patient Commitment is a court-order requiring the patient to comply with a set treatment as a condition for release from a hospital. The treatments of Out-Patient Commitments has been shown to reduce hospital re-admissions by 50-80% and the patients were more likely to keep their appointments (Schizophrenia 1996). A Guardianship is when the court appoints someone else to permanently make decisions for the ill person, however, it can be difficult to get a legal adult declared incompetent which is required to obtain a guardianship (Schizophrenia 1996). Once again, medications still seem to be the best bet as they actual get rid of the symptoms, though not schizophrenia itself. The only problem with this kind of treatment is the high expensive for the medications. |
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