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Somaliland; General stuff about Somaliland
Topic Started: Oct 19 2008, 04:59 AM (15 Views)
Somaliland
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General

Full Name:The Republic of Somaliland
Short Name:Somaliland
Status:de facto independent
Capital: Hargeisa
Official languages: Somali, Arabic and English
Government: Representative democracy
President: Dahir Riyale Kahin
Vice-President: Ahmed Yusuf Yasin
Independence: from Somalia,Proclaimed 18 May 1991
Recognition: unrecognized
Area: Total 137,600 km² or 68,000 sq mi
Population: 3,500,000
Currency: Somaliland shilling


State of War: on-and-off

Foreign relations

Somaliland has political contacts with the United Kingdom, Ethiopia, Belgium, Ghana, South Africa, Sweden and Djibouti. On January 17, 2007, the European Union sent a delegation for foreign affairs to discuss future cooperation. The African Union has also sent a foreign minister to discuss the future of international acknowledgment, and on January 29 and 30, 2007, the ministers said that they would discuss acknowledgement with other member states. In June 2007, the Prime Minister of Ethiopia, Meles Zenawi held a conference with President Kahin during which he was referred to in an official communique by the Ethiopian Foreign Ministry as the President of Somaliland, the first time that Somaliland has been officially acknowledged as a sovereign state by another government. While this is not claimed as a move to official recognition by Ethiopia, it is seen as a possible step towards a unilateral declaration by Ethiopia in the event of the African Union failing to move its recognition of Somaliland forward.

A delegation led by the President of Somaliland was present at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2007 in Kampala, Uganda.

November 27, 2007, Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck of the ELDR, one of three main parties in EU, mailed a letter to Javier Solana (the High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the Secretary-General of both the Council of the European Union (EU)) and to Dahir Rayale Kahin the president of Somaliland, in which there is required an acknowledgment of Somaliland by EU.In December 2007 the Bush administration discussed whether to back the shaky transitional government in Somalia or to acknowledge and support the less volatile Somaliland Republic.

Border disputes
The Republic of Somaliland continues to claim the entire area of the former British Somaliland. Tensions escalated into a violent clash between Puntland and Somaliland in October 2007, when Somaliland forces captured Las Anod, the capital of the disputed region of Sool.The Somaliland Defence Forces took control of the town of Las Qorey in eastern Sanaag on 10 July 2007, along with positions five kilometres east of the town. The Somaliland Defence Forces completed their operations on 9 July 2007 after the Maakhir and Puntland militia in the area left their positions.

Economy

Somaliland's economy is in its developing stages, as is the country itself.

The Somaliland shilling, while stable, is not an internationally recognized currency and currently has no official exchange rate. It is regulated by the Bank of Somaliland, the central bank, which was established constitutionally in 1994.


The bulk of Somaliland's exports are livestock, which has been estimated at 24 million. In 1996, 3 million heads of livestock were exported to the Middle East. In February 1998, this export was negatively impacted by a Saudi Arabian ban on imports of beef. The ban was eventually lifted in December 2006, allowing the industry to recover. Other exports include hides, skins, myrrh, and frankincense.

Agriculture is generally considered to be a potentially successful industry, especially in the production of cereals and horticulture. Mining also has potential, though simple quarrying represents the extent of current operations despite the presence of hugely diverse quantities of mineral deposits.

A recent research around Somaliland shows that the country has large offshore and onshore oil and natural gas reserves. There are several wells that have been excavated during the last few years but due to the country's unrecognised status, foreign oil companies cannot benefit from it.

Since the Eritrean-Ethiopian War, Somaliland has grown as a major export port for Ethiopia. The two countries signed an agreement that the port city of Berbera will export and import goods for Ethiopia, while the latter will pay for it.










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